Measuring high-level corruption is subject to extensive scholarly and policy interest, which has achieved moderate progress in the last decade. This dataset presents four objective proxy measures of high-level corruption in public procurement: single bidding in competitive markets, the share of contracts with no published call for tender'' red flag, the share of contracts with
non-open procedure'' red flag, and share of contracts with ``tax haven'' red flag.
Using official government data on 4 million contracts in thirty-two European countries from 2011 to 2021, the authors directly operationalize a common definition of corruption: unjustified restriction of access to public contracts to favour a selected bidder.
Corruption indicators are calculated at the contract level, but produce aggregate indices consistent with well-established country-level indicators, and are also validated by micro-level tests.
Last updated by source: 2023-01-25
Dataset type: | Other |
Dataset level: | Country |
(Fazekas & Kocsis,
2020)
Number of successfully awarded contracts within tenders published on TED above 130k EUR threshold.
More about this variableSum of the final value of successfully awarded tenders published on TED above 130k EUR threshold.
More about this variableTotal number of contracts won by a supplier that is registered at a foreign address.
More about this variableShare of contracts with 'no published call for tender' red flag. A contract is considered to have 'no call for tender' red flag if two conditions are met: i) The sum of prior information notices and contract notices equals 0 and ii) The country of a buyer is not on the list of countries in which 'no call for tender publication' is not a risk factor. These countries are BG, DK, EE, ES, and LT.
More about this variableShare of contracts with 'non-open procedure' red flag. Whether a procedure is considered non-open depends on procedure type as well as specific country regulation. Please refer to the 'Non-open procedure details' sheet to search for country-procedure combinations.
More about this variableShare of contracts with only one bid in total.
More about this variableShare of contracts with 'tax haven' red flag. A contract has a 'tax haven' red flag in case two conditions are met: i) buyer and supplier are from different countries and ii) according to Financial Secrecy Index (https://www.financialsecrecyindex.com/en/) supplier country was classified as a tax haven.
More about this variable