Quality of Government

This category includes variables that are the core features of QoG (impartiality, bureaucratic quality and corruption) as well as measures that are broader (rule of law and transparency).

Variables under this category

Accountability sub-index

QoG Code: aii_acc

Access to Information and Openness sub-index

QoG Code: aii_aio

Civil Service Integrity sub-index

QoG Code: aii_cilser

Elections sub-index

QoG Code: aii_elec

Public management sub-index

QoG Code: aii_pubm

Practice: appointments to audit institution support agency's independence

QoG Code: aii_q08

Practice: the supreme audit agency releases frequent reports

QoG Code: aii_q09

Law: corruption is criminalized as a specific offense

QoG Code: aii_q10

Practice: appointees to bodies investigating pubsec corruption support independ.

QoG Code: aii_q14

Practice: appointees to agencies organizing elections support agencies' independ

QoG Code: aii_q20

Practice: agencies that organize elections are protected from pol. interference

QoG Code: aii_q21

Practice: reports before after a national election are publicly available

QoG Code: aii_q22

Law: major public procurements require competitive bidding

QoG Code: aii_q24

Practice: major public procurements involve competitive bidding

QoG Code: aii_q25

Practice: citizens can access results \& procurement contracts related documents

QoG Code: aii_q26

Practice: citizens can access the financial records of state-owned companies

QoG Code: aii_q29

Practice: citizens can access natural resources exploitation financial records

QoG Code: aii_q30

Law: civil servants are required to report cases of alleged corruption

QoG Code: aii_q35

Law: there are formal rules to prevent conflict of interest, nepotism, etc.

QoG Code: aii_q37

Practice: civil servants' work is not compromised by political interference

QoG Code: aii_q38

Practice: civil servants are appointed and evaluated according to prof. criteria

QoG Code: aii_q39

Law: there are restrictions for civil servants after entering private sector

QoG Code: aii_q40

Practice: citizen requests for public information are effective

QoG Code: aii_q42

Practice: asset disclosure process of senior officials branches is effective

QoG Code: aii_q45

Practice: the asset disclosure process for civil service members is effective

QoG Code: aii_q47

Practice: pol. parties disclose public donations & these are available to the public

QoG Code: aii_q49

The Bayesian Corruption Indicator

QoG Code: bci_bci

The standard deviation of The Bayesian Corruption Indicator

QoG Code: bci_bcistd

Number of previous democratic breakdowns

QoG Code: bmr_dembr

Anti-Corruption Policy

QoG Code: bti_acp

Basic Administration

QoG Code: bti_ba

Governance Index

QoG Code: bti_gi

Governance Performance

QoG Code: bti_gp

Monopoly on the Use of Force

QoG Code: bti_muf

Performance of Democratic Institutions

QoG Code: bti_pdi

Prosecution of Office Abuse

QoG Code: bti_poa

Corruption Commission Present in Constitution

QoG Code: ccp_cc

Meritocratic Recruitment of Civil Servants Mentioned in Constitution

QoG Code: ccp_civil

Number of awarded contracts above 130,000 EUR

QoG Code: cri_contr

Final value of awarded tenders of over 130,000 EUR

QoG Code: cri_cvalue

Number of contracts won by a supplier registered at a foreign address

QoG Code: cri_foreign

Share of contracts with no published call for tender red flag

QoG Code: cri_nocall

Share of contracts with non-open procedure red flag

QoG Code: cri_nonopen

Share of contracts with only one bid in total

QoG Code: cri_singleb

Share of contracts with tax haven red flag

QoG Code: cri_taxhav

State Fragility Index

QoG Code: cspf_sfi

E-Government Index

QoG Code: egov_egov

E-Participation Index

QoG Code: egov_epar

Human Capital Index

QoG Code: egov_hci

Bribery Depth

QoG Code: ens_brdep

Bribery Incidence

QoG Code: ens_brinc

Giving gifts to get a construction permit

QoG Code: ens_con

Corruption as a Major Constraint

QoG Code: ens_cor

Giving gifts to get electricity

QoG Code: ens_el

Giving gifts to secure government contract

QoG Code: ens_gcon

Giving gifts in meetings with tax officials

QoG Code: ens_gme

Value of gifts to secure a government contract

QoG Code: ens_gval

Giving gifts to get an import license

QoG Code: ens_iml

Competing against unregistered or informal firms

QoG Code: ens_infir

Informal Sector as a Major Constraint

QoG Code: ens_info

Operation Years without Formal Registration

QoG Code: ens_inye

Court system as a Major Constraint

QoG Code: ens_law

Giving gifts to get an operating license

QoG Code: ens_opl

Giving gifts to public officials "to get things done"

QoG Code: ens_oth

Formal Registry before Operations

QoG Code: ens_reg

Giving gifts to get water connection

QoG Code: ens_wat

Corruption pillar, country centered and min-max (0-100) standardized

QoG Code: eqi_norm_corrupt

Corruption experiences index (corruption sub-pillar) min-max (0-100) (2017)

QoG Code: eqi_norm_corruptexp

Corruption perceptions index (corruption sub-pillar) min-max (0-100)(2017)

QoG Code: eqi_norm_corruptper

EQI index, min-max (0-100) standardized

QoG Code: eqi_norm_eqi

Impartiality pillar, country centered and min-max (0-100) standardized

QoG Code: eqi_norm_impart

Quality pillar, country centered and min-max (0-100) standardized

QoG Code: eqi_norm_qual

EQI Index Score

QoG Code: eqi_score

Corruption experiences index (corruption sub-pillar) z-score stand. (2017 only)

QoG Code: eqi_zcorruptexp

Corruption pillar, country centered and z-score standardized

QoG Code: eqi_zcorruption

Corruption perceptions index (corruption sub-pillar) z-score stand. (2017 only)

QoG Code: eqi_zcorruptper

Impartiality pillar, country centered and z-score standardized

QoG Code: eqi_zimpartiality

Quality pillar, country centered and z-score standardized

QoG Code: eqi_zquality

Reported number of cases of burglary of private premises

QoG Code: eu_cri_bur

Reported number of cases of robbery

QoG Code: eu_cri_rob

Fragile States Index

QoG Code: ffp_fsi

Public Services

QoG Code: ffp_ps

State Legitimacy

QoG Code: ffp_sl

Functioning of Government

QoG Code: fh_fog

Personal Autonomy and Individual Rights

QoG Code: fh_pair

Political Rights

QoG Code: fh_pr

Paid Bribe: Customs

QoG Code: gcb_bc

Paid Bribe: Education System

QoG Code: gcb_bed

Paid Bribe: Electricity

QoG Code: gcb_bel

Paid Bribe: Gas Provider

QoG Code: gcb_bgas

Paid Bribe: Legal System/Judiciary System

QoG Code: gcb_bj

Paid Bribe: Legal System

QoG Code: gcb_bl

Paid Bribe: Land Services

QoG Code: gcb_bland

Paid Bribe: Medical Services

QoG Code: gcb_bmed

Paid Bribe: Registry and permit services

QoG Code: gcb_bper

Paid Bribe: Police

QoG Code: gcb_bpol

Total bribery rate, total population

QoG Code: gcb_br

Total bribery rate, contact rate

QoG Code: gcb_brcr

Total bribery rate, no contact rate

QoG Code: gcb_brnc

Paid Bribe: Tax Revenue

QoG Code: gcb_btax

Paid Bribe: Telephone

QoG Code: gcb_btele

Paid Bribe: Utilities

QoG Code: gcb_butil

Paid Bribe: Water Service Provider

QoG Code: gcb_bwat

Fight aganist corruption: Badly (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_fcbad

Fight aganist corruption: Well (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_fcwell

Feel personally obliged to report corruption: Agree (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_orcag

Feel personally obliged to report corruption: Disagree (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_orcdis

Corruption Perception: Business

QoG Code: gcb_pb

Corruption Perception: Customs

QoG Code: gcb_pc

Corruption Perception-Business Executives: Most (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pcbmost

Corruption Perception-Business Executives: Some (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pcbsome

Corruption Perception-Gov Officials: Most (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pcgomost

Corruption Perception-Gov Officials: Some (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pcgosome

Corruption Perception-Judges: Most (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pcjmost

Corruption Perception-Judges: Some (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pcjsome

Corruption Perception-Local Gov Council: Most (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pclgcmost

Corruption Perception-Local Gov Council: Some (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pclgcsome

Corruption Perception-Legislature: Most (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pclmost

Corruption Perception-Legislature: Some (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pclsome

Corruption Perception Change: Decrease (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pcord

Corruption Perception Change: Increase (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pcori

Corruption Perception-Head of State: Most (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pcpmost

Corruption Perception-Police: Most (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pcpolmost

Corruption Perception-Police: Some (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pcpolsome

Corruption Perception-Head of State: Some (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pcpsome

Corruption Perception-Religious Leaders: Most (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pcrmost

Corruption Perception-Religious Leaders: Some (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pcrsome

Corruption Perception-Tax officers: Most (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pctaxmost

Corruption Perception-Tax officers: Some (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pctaxsome

Corruption Perception: Education

QoG Code: gcb_ped

Can people fight aganist corruption: agree (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pfcaag

Can people fight aganist corruption: disagree (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pfcdis

Corruption Perception: Judiciary/Legal System

QoG Code: gcb_pj

Corruption Perception: Medical Services

QoG Code: gcb_pmed

Corruption Perception: Media

QoG Code: gcb_pmedia

Corruption Perception: Military

QoG Code: gcb_pmil

Corruption Perception: NGOs

QoG Code: gcb_pngo

Corruption Perception: Public Officials/Civil Servants

QoG Code: gcb_poff

Corruption Perception: Political Parties

QoG Code: gcb_ppa

Corruption Perception: Parliament

QoG Code: gcb_pparl

Corruption Perception: Registry and permit services

QoG Code: gcb_pper

Corruption Perception: Police

QoG Code: gcb_ppol

Corruption Perception: Religious Bodies

QoG Code: gcb_prel

Corruption Perception: Tax Revenue

QoG Code: gcb_ptax

Corruption Perception: Utilities

QoG Code: gcb_putil

Is it socially acceptable to report corruption: agree (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_sarcag

Is it socially acceptable to report corruption: disagree (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_sarcdis

Would spend a whole day in court to give evidence: agree (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_wsdag

Would spend a whole day in court to give evidence: disagree (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_wsddis

Data Governance International Indicator

QoG Code: gdg_int

Data Governance Participatory Indicator

QoG Code: gdg_part

Data Governance Regulatory Indicator

QoG Code: gdg_regul

Data Governance Responsible Indicator

QoG Code: gdg_resp

Data Governance Strategic Indicator

QoG Code: gdg_strat

Data Governance Structural Indicator

QoG Code: gdg_struc

Total Data Governance Score

QoG Code: gdg_total

Government Integrity

QoG Code: hf_govint

Judicial Effectiveness

QoG Code: hf_judeffect

Level of Democracy (Freedom House/Imputed Polity)

QoG Code: ht_ipolity2

Information Capacity

QoG Code: icd_infcapirt

Information Capacity (year 1750)

QoG Code: icd_infcapirt1750

Information Capacity (year 1800)

QoG Code: icd_infcapirt1800

Information Capacity (year 1850)

QoG Code: icd_infcapirt1850

Information Capacity (year 1900)

QoG Code: icd_infcapirt1900

ICRG Indicator of Quality of Government

QoG Code: icrg_qog

Accountability and Transparency Score

QoG Code: iiag_acc

Anti-corruption Score

QoG Code: iiag_corr

Foundations for Economic Opportunity Score

QoG Code: iiag_feo

Overall Governance Score

QoG Code: iiag_gov

Inclusion & Equality Score

QoG Code: iiag_ie

Public Administration Score

QoG Code: iiag_pa

Participation, Rights and Inclusion Score

QoG Code: iiag_pri

Rule of Law and Justice Score

QoG Code: iiag_rolf

Sustainable Environment Score

QoG Code: iiag_se

Social Protection Score

QoG Code: iiag_sp

Security and Rule of Law Score

QoG Code: iiag_srol

Security and Safety Score

QoG Code: iiag_ssaf

Administrative Burden (index)

QoG Code: ipi_ab

Hanson & Sigman State Capacity Index

QoG Code: lld_capacity

Standard Deviation for Hanson & Sigman State Capacity Index

QoG Code: lld_capstd

Corruption in the EU

QoG Code: per_q16.1

Corruption in National Institutions

QoG Code: per_q16.2

Corruption in Regional/Local Institutions

QoG Code: per_q16.3

National Institutions and Biggest Problem of Regions

QoG Code: per_q5.2

The Property Right Protection Index

QoG Code: prp_prp

Estimated variance of the PRP point estimate

QoG Code: prp_std

Entry at the lowest level only

QoG Code: qs20_close1

Entry via examination

QoG Code: qs20_close2

Special Laws

QoG Code: qs20_close3

Closedness Index

QoG Code: qs20_close_pca

Political Interference

QoG Code: qs20_impar1

Political Interference, lower limit of 95% credible interval

QoG Code: qs20_impar1_lowci

Political Interference, upper limit of 95% credible interval

QoG Code: qs20_impar1_upci

Impartiality

QoG Code: qs20_impar2

Impartiality, lower limit of 95% credible interval

QoG Code: qs20_impar2_lowci

Impartiality, upper limit of 95% credible interval

QoG Code: qs20_impar2_upci

Patronage

QoG Code: qs20_proff1

Patronage, lower limit of 95% credible interval

QoG Code: qs20_proff1_lowci

Patronage, upper limit of 95% credible interval

QoG Code: qs20_proff1_upci

Merit

QoG Code: qs20_proff2

Merit, lower limit of 95% credible interval

QoG Code: qs20_proff2_lowci

Merit, upper limit of 95% credible interval

QoG Code: qs20_proff2_upci

Tenure

QoG Code: qs20_proff3

Tenure, lower limit of 95% credible interval

QoG Code: qs20_proff3_lowci

Tenure, upper limit of 95% credible interval

QoG Code: qs20_proff3_upci

Professionalism Index

QoG Code: qs20_proff_pca

Closed Public Administration

QoG Code: qs_closed

Closed Public Administration - Confidence Interval (High)

QoG Code: qs_closed_cih

Closed Public Administration - Confidence Interval (Low)

QoG Code: qs_closed_cil

Impartial Public Administration

QoG Code: qs_impar

Impartial Public Administration - Confidence Interval (High)

QoG Code: qs_impar_cih

Impartial Public Administration - Confidence Interval (Low)

QoG Code: qs_impar_cil

Professional Public Administration

QoG Code: qs_proff

Professional Public Administration - Confidence Interval (High)

QoG Code: qs_proff_cih

Professional Public Administration - Confidence Interval (Low)

QoG Code: qs_proff_cil

O'Reilly & Murphy Baseline State Capacity

QoG Code: sci_base

O'Reilly & Murphy Comprehensive State Capacity Index

QoG Code: sci_comp

O'Reilly & Murphy Fiscal State Capacity Index

QoG Code: sci_fisc

Policy Performance

QoG Code: sgi_pp

Basic Human Needs (SPI)

QoG Code: spi_bn

Foundations of Wellbeing (SPI)

QoG Code: spi_fob

Opportunity (SPI)

QoG Code: spi_opp

Social Progress Index

QoG Code: spi_ospi

Municipal corruption: The regulations are sufficient in the guidelines for bias

QoG Code: swm_ sk_Q21_2

Municipal yearly result

QoG Code: swm_scb_yer

Municipal corruption: how common is corruption in school and child care?

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q10_1

Municipal corruption: how common is corruption in social services?

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q10_2

Municipal corruption: how common is corruption in technical administration?

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q10_3

Municipal corruption: how common is corruption in planning and building?

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q10_4

Municipal corruption: how common is corruption in culture and leisure?

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q10_5

Municipal corruption: how common is corruption in business sector and tourism?

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q10_6

Municipal corruption: how common is corruption in health care?

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q10_7

Municipal corruption: violence, threat of violence or blackmailing

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q11

Municipal corruption: violence, threat of violence or blackmailing of others

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q12

Municipal corruption: misuse the position of power and trust

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q13_1

Municipal corruption: senior bureaucrats misuse their position of power and trust

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q13_2

Municipal corruption: politicians benefit themselves at the expense of the municipality

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q13_3

Municipal corruption: bureaucrats benefit themselves at the expense of the municipality

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q13_4

Municipal corruption: the public procurement works impartially

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q13_5

Municipal corruption: the public procurement works impartially in my municipality

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q13_6

Municipal corruption: Municipal auditing is an important instrument in order to supress and expose abuse of power in my municipality

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q14_1

Municipal corruption: The local media coverage is an important instrument in order to supress and expose abuse of power in my municipality

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q14_2

Municipal corruption: It would be easy for me, if I wanted to, to arrange benefits to me and my close ones at the expense of the municipality

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q14_3

Municipal corruption: I intervene if I suspect someone is appropriating for themselves or their close ones at the expense of the municipality

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q14_4

Municipal corruption: It is easy to trust people in general, even if they are strangers that you have never met before

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q14_5

Municipal corruption: Are you familiar with the regulations regarding corruption in your municipality?

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q15

Municipal corruption: Knowledge of the bureaucrats about regulations regarding corruption

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q16

Municipal corruption: Knowledge of the politicians about regulations regarding corruption

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q17

Municipal corruption: The need for education in order to enhance politicians' and bureaucrats' knowledge and awareness of corruption

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q18

Municipal corruption: The municipality conveys information to the politicians and bureaucrats about rules regarding corruption

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q19

Municipal corruption: The existent regulation is supplemented with local regulations, aiming to prevent corruption

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q20

Municipal corruption: The regulations are sufficient in the guidelines for bribes

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q21_1

Municipal corruption: The regulations are sufficient in the guidelines for representation

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q21_3

Municipal corruption: The regulations are sufficient in the guidelines for procurement

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q21_4

Municipal corruption: The issue of preventative efforts towards corruption as a vivid issue

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q22

Municipal corruption: how often are you offered money or other favours

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q5

Municipal corruption: How often other politicians and bureaucrats are offered money or other favours

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q6

Municipal corruption: How often other politicians and bureaucrats have actually accepted the favour

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q7

Municipal corruption: How often politicians and bureaucrats in other municipalities are offered money or other favours

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q8

Municipal corruption: How often politicians and bureaucrats in other municipalities have actually accepted the favour

QoG Code: swm_sk_Q9

Corruption Perceptions Index

QoG Code: ti_cpi

Corruption Perceptions Index - max range

QoG Code: ti_cpi_max

Corruption Perceptions Index - max range (old method.)

QoG Code: ti_cpi_max_om

Corruption Perceptions Index - min range

QoG Code: ti_cpi_min

Corruption Perceptions Index - min range (old method.)

QoG Code: ti_cpi_min_om

Corruption Perceptions Index (old methodology)

QoG Code: ti_cpi_om

Standard Error for Corruption Perceptions Index

QoG Code: ti_se

Academic Freedom Index

QoG Code: vdem_academ

Political corruption index

QoG Code: vdem_corr

Election vote buying

QoG Code: vdem_elvotbuy

Executive bribery and corrupt exchanges

QoG Code: vdem_exbribe

Public sector corrupt exchanges

QoG Code: vdem_excrptps

Executive corruption index

QoG Code: vdem_execorr

Executive embezzlement and theft

QoG Code: vdem_exembez

Public sector theft

QoG Code: vdem_exthftps

Legislature corrupt activities

QoG Code: vdem_gcrrpt

Judicial corruption decision

QoG Code: vdem_jucorrdc

Media corrupt

QoG Code: vdem_mecorrpt

Public sector corruption index

QoG Code: vdem_pubcorr

Control of Corruption, Estimate

QoG Code: wbgi_cce

Control of Corruption, Number of Sources

QoG Code: wbgi_ccn

Control of Corruption, Standard Error

QoG Code: wbgi_ccs

Government Effectiveness, Estimate

QoG Code: wbgi_gee

Government Effectiveness, Number of Sources

QoG Code: wbgi_gen

Government Effectiveness, Standard Error

QoG Code: wbgi_ges

CPIA building human resources rating

QoG Code: wdi_bhr

Bribery incidence (% of firms experiencing at least one bribe request)

QoG Code: wdi_bribfirm

CPIA efficiency of revenue mobilization rating (1=low to 6=high)

QoG Code: wdi_effrevmob

CPIA equity of public resource use rating (1=low to 6=high)

QoG Code: wdi_eqpubres

Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w. tax officials (% of firms)

QoG Code: wdi_firgifttax

CPIA gender equality rating

QoG Code: wdi_gendeqr

Informal payments to public officials (% of firms)

QoG Code: wdi_infpay

CPIA property rights and rule-based governance rating

QoG Code: wdi_prrbgr

CPIA public sector management and institution cluster average

QoG Code: wdi_psm

CPIA quality of public administration rating

QoG Code: wdi_qpubadm

CPIA social protection rating

QoG Code: wdi_spr

Statistical Capacity score (Overall average)

QoG Code: wdi_statcap

Methodology assessment of statistical capacity

QoG Code: wdi_statcapmet

Periodicity and timeliness assessment of statistical capacity

QoG Code: wdi_statcaptime

CPIA transparency-accountability-corruption in public sector rating (1-6)

QoG Code: wdi_tacpsr

Budget transparency

QoG Code: wef_bt

Incidence of corruption

QoG Code: wef_cor

Control of Corruption

QoG Code: wel_coc

Justifiable: someone accepting a bribe

QoG Code: wvs_jabribe

Extent of political corruption

QoG Code: wvs_polcor