Data source: Holzinger, Knill, Sommerer
The Dataset "ENVIPOLCONCHANGE (Environmental Policy Change). A dataset on environmental regulations in 24 OECD countries from 1970 to 2005" has been collected by the ENVIPOLCON group at the University of Konstanz (Stephan Heichel, Katharina Holzinger, Christoph Knill, Thomas Sommerer) in 2009. Data collection was funded by the German Research Foundation DFG (Grant HO 1811/3-1; KN 891/1-1)."
The names of most variables follow the following structure:
epcc_in2 - the introduction of the policy for the first time;
epccch2 - change in the policy, including the introduction;
epccs, epcc_car, and epcc_lcp_* - standards, such as limit values on emissions and similar,
where * is a code of the policy issue.
When using this dataset, please cite as:
(Holzinger et al.,
2011)
Browse variables and select them for download.
epcc_audi_ch2
The variable measures whether there was a change in the policy for eco-audit in the recorded year. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when there was a change in the policy, i ...
epcc_audi_in2
The variable measures the first introduction of the policy for eco-audit. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when the policy was first introduced and "0" is assigned to all o ...
epcc_bath_ch2
The variable measures whether there was a change in the policy for the quality of bathing water in the recorded year. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when there was a chan ...
epcc_bath_in2
The variable measures the first introduction of the policy for quality of bathing water. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when the policy was first introduced and "0" is as ...
epcc_car_co
A limit value for CO emissions in g/km, adjusted.
epcc_car_hc
A limit value for HC emissions in g/km, adjusted.
epcc_car_nox
A limit value for NOx emissions in g/km, adjusted.
epcc_care_ch2
The variable measures whether there was a change in the policy for exhaust emissions from cars in the recorded year. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when there was a chang ...
epcc_care_in2
The variable measures the first introduction of the policy for exhaust emissions from cars. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when the policy was first introduced and "0" is ...
epcc_cd_dwsum
Sum of downward changes in all 17 variables that measure standards/regulatory levels in the recorded year. Higher score, on average, corresponds to a decrease in policy standards.
epcc_cd_upsum
Sum of all upward changes in the 17 variables that measure standards/regulatory levels included in this dataset in the recorded year. Higher score corresponds to, on average, increased policy standard ...
epcc_ch2
Sum of all changes in policies, including introductions, in the recorded year.
epcc_ch_kum
Cumulative sum of all Policy-in-Place variables. Higher score corresponds to a higher number of policies in place.
epcc_cont_ch2
The variable measures whether there was a change in the policy for contaminated sites in the recorded year. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when there was a change in the ...
epcc_cont_in2
The variable measures the first introduction of the policy for contaminated sites. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when the policy was first introduced and "0" is assigned ...
epcc_cowa_ch2
The variable measures whether there was a change in the policy for recycling construction waste in the recorded year. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when there was a chan ...
epcc_cowa_in2
The variable measures the first introduction of the policy for recycling of construction waste. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when the policy was first introduced and "0 ...
epcc_dete_ch2
The variable measures whether there was a change in the policy for hazardous substances in detergents in the recorded year. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when there was ...
epcc_dete_in2
The variable measures the first introduction of the policy for hazardous substances in detergents. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when the policy was first introduced and ...
epcc_ecol_ch2
The variable measures whether there was a change in the policy for eco-labelling in the recorded year. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when there was a change in the polic ...
epcc_ecol_in2
The variable measures the first introduction of the policy for eco-labeling. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when the policy was first introduced and "0" is assigned to al ...
epcc_eias_ch2
The variable measures whether there was a change in the policy for environmental impact assessment in the recorded year. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when there was a c ...
epcc_eias_in2
The variable measures the first introduction of the policy for environmental impact assessment. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when the policy was first introduced and "0 ...
epcc_enef_ch2
The variable measures whether there was a change in the policy for the energy efficiency of refrigerators in the recorded year. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when there ...
epcc_enef_in2
The variable measures the first introduction of the policy for energy efficiency of refrigerators. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when the policy was first introduced and ...
epcc_glas2_s
Glass reuse/recycling target in percent of total waste generated.
epcc_glas_ch2
The variable measures whether there was a change in the policy for glass reuse/recycling target in the recorded year. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when there was a chan ...
epcc_glas_in2
The variable measures the first introduction of the policy for glass reuse/recycling target. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when the policy was first introduced and "0" i ...
epcc_intro_kum
Sum of all variables measuring the first introduction of a policy. Higher number corresponds to a higher number of policies being adopted in the recorded year.
epcc_land_ch2
The variable measures whether there was a change in the policy for waste landfill target in the recorded year. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when there was a change in t ...
epcc_lanr_in2
The variable measures the first introduction of the policy for waste landfill target. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when the policy was first introduced and "0" is assig ...
epcc_lcp_dust
A limit value for dust from large combustion plants in mg/m3.
epcc_lcp_nox
A limit value for NOx emissions from large combustion plants in mg/m3.
epcc_lcp_so2
A limit value for SO2 emissions from large combustion plants in mg/m3.
epcc_lcpt_ch2
The variable measures whether there was a change in the policy for airborne emissions from large combustion plants in the recorded year. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year wh ...
epcc_lcpt_in2
The variable measures the first introduction of the policy for airborne emissions from large combustion plants. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when the policy was first i ...
epcc_lead_ch2
The variable measures whether there was a change in the policy for lead emissions from vehicles in the recorded year. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when there was a chan ...
epcc_lead_in2
The variable measures the first introduction of the policy for lead emissions from vehicles. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when the policy was first introduced and "0" i ...
epcc_lead_s
A limit value for lead content in petrol in g/l.
epcc_moto_ch2
The variable measures whether there was a change in the policy for noise level around motorways in the recorded year. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when there was a chan ...
epcc_moto_in2
The variable measures the first introduction of the policy for noise level around motorways. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when the policy was first introduced and "0" i ...
epcc_moto_s
Motorway noise emissions standard in decibel (dB (A)).
epcc_nois_ch2
The variable measures whether there was a change in the policy for noise emissions from lorries in the recorded year. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when there was a chan ...
epcc_nois_in2
The variable measures the first introduction of the policy for noise emissions from lorries. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when the policy was first introduced and "0" i ...
epcc_nois_s
Noise emissions standard from lorries in decibel (dB(a)).
epcc_pact_ch2
The variable measures whether there was a change in the policy for waste packaging target in the recorded year. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when there was a change in ...
epcc_pact_in2
The variable measures the first introduction of the policy for waste packaging target. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when the policy was first introduced and "0" is assi ...
epcc_pape2_s
Waste paper reuse/recycling target in percent of waste generated.
epcc_pape_ch2
The variable measures whether there was a change in the policy for waste paper reuse/recycling target in the recorded year. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when there was ...
epcc_pape_in2
The variable measures the first introduction of the policy for waste paper reuse/recycling target. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when the policy was first introduced and ...
epcc_soil_ch2
The variable measures whether there was a change in the soil policy in the recorded year. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when there was a change in the policy, including ...
epcc_soil_in2
The variable measures the first introduction of the soil policy. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when the policy was first introduced and "0" is assigned to all other year ...
epcc_sulp_ch2
The variable measures whether there was a change in the policy for sulphur content in gas oil in the recorded year. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when there was a chang ...
epcc_sulp_in2
The variable measures the first introduction of the policy for sulphur content in gas oil. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when the policy was first introduced and "0" is ...
epcc_sulp_s
A limit value for sulphur content in gas oil, as % per weight.
epcc_susp_ch2
The variable measures whether there was a change in the policy for the national environmental policy or sustainable development plan in the recorded year. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assig ...
epcc_susp_in2
The variable expresses the first introduction of the policy for the national environmental policy or sustainable development plan. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when the ...
epcc_wabo_s
A limit value for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in industrial discharges in mg/l.
epcc_waco_s
A limit value for Copper in industrial discharges in mg/l.
epcc_wacr_s
A limit value for Chromium in industrial discharges in mg/l.
epcc_waef_ch2
The variable measures whether there was a change in the policy for efficient use of the water industry in the recorded year. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when there was ...
epcc_waef_in2
The variable measures the first introduction of the policy for efficient use of the water industry. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when the policy was first introduced an ...
epcc_wale_s
A limit value for Lead in industrial discharges in mg/l.
epcc_wapr_ch2
The variable measures whether there was a change in the policy for water protection in industrial discharges in the recorded year. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when the ...
epcc_wapr_in2
The variable measures the first introduction of the policy for water protection in industrial discharges. This is a binary variable, where "1" is assigned to the year when the policy was first introdu ...
epcc_wazi_s
A limit value for Zinc in industrial discharges in mg/l.