Perceptions of Electoral Integrity, (PEI-11.0)

Data source: Garnett, James and MacGregor

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This dataset by the Electoral Integrity Project evaluates the quality of elections held around the world. Based on a rolling survey collecting the views of election experts, this research provides independent and reliable evidence to compare whether countries meet international standards of electoral integrity.

PEI-11.0 cumulative release covers 643 national parliamentary and presidential contests held worldwide in 170 countries from 1 July 2012 to 7 December 2024. For each contest, approximately 40 election experts receive an electronic invitation to fill the survey. The survey includes assessments from 5,605 election experts, with a 2024 response rate of 10%. The study presents two additive indices, collecting 47 indicators to compare elections for 2012-2022 and 62 indicators for 2023. The 2012-2022 indicators are clustered to evaluate eleven stages in the electoral cycle as well as generating an overall summary Perception of Electoral Integrity (PEI) 100-point index and comparative ranking. Starting in 2023, electoral integrity is measured through the aggregation of four concept indices (Contestation, Participation, Deliberation, and Adjudication).

Please note that for the QoG Data compilations, only three indicators are included: "Perception of Electoral Integrity Index", "Perception of Electoral Integrity Index Type" and "Electoral Integrity Rating".

Dataset type
Time-Series
Dataset level
Country
Last updated by source
2025-07-02

Citation

When using this dataset, please cite as:

• Garnett, H. A., James, T. S., & Caal-Lam, S. (2024). Perceptions of Electoral Integrity, (PEI-10.0). Harvard Dataverse. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/FQ5ECC

Variables in this dataset

Browse variables and select them for download.

Electoral Integrity Rating
QoG code: pei_eir_1

The question below is answered in reference to the first election in the given county-year: Overall, how would you rate the integrity of this election on a scale from 1 (very poor) to 10 (very good ...

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Electoral Integrity Rating, second election in a year
QoG code: pei_eir_2

The question below is answered in reference to the second election in the given county-year: Overall, how would you rate the integrity of this election on a scale from 1 (very poor) to 10 (very goo ...

View variable
Electoral Integrity Rating, third election in a year
QoG code: pei_eir_3

The question below is answered in reference to the third election in the given county-year: Overall, how would you rate the integrity of this election on a scale from 1 (very poor) to 10 (very good ...

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Perception of Electoral Integrity Index
QoG code: pei_peii_1

The PEI index is designed to provide an overall summary evaluation of expert perceptions that an election meets international standards and global norms. It is generated at the individual level using ...

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Perception of Electoral Integrity Index, second election in a year
QoG code: pei_peii_2

Electoral Integrity Index, calculated for the second election in a year. The PEI index is designed to provide an overall summary evaluation of expert perceptions that an election meets internationa ...

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Perception of Electoral Integrity Index, third election in a year
QoG code: pei_peii_3

Electoral Integrity Index, calculated for the third election in a year. The PEI index is designed to provide an overall summary evaluation of expert perceptions that an election meets international ...

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Perception of Electoral Integrity Index Type
QoG code: pei_peit

Classification of the PEI Index on five categories. 1. Very Low 2. Low 3. Moderate 4. High 5. Very High

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