The Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 assesses the competitiveness landscape of 140 economies, measuring national competitiveness - defined as the set of institutions, policies and factors that determine the level of productivity. The Report presents information and data that were compiled and/or collected by the World Economic Forum organized into 12 pillars: Institutions, Infrastructure, ICT adoption, Macroeconomic Stability, Health, Skills, Product Market, Labor Market, Financial System, Market Size, Business Dynamism, and Innovation Capabilities.
| Dataset type: | Cross-section |
| Dataset level: | Country |
(World Economic Forum,
2019)
Active labour policies. 1-7 (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, to what extent do Labour market policies help unemployed people to reskill and find new employment (including skills matching, retraining, etc.)? [1 = not at all; 7 = to a great extent] Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableStrength of auditing and reporting standards. 1-7 (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, how strong are financial auditing and reporting standards? [1 = extremely weak; 7 = extremely strong] Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableBurden of government regulation (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, how burdensome is it for companies to comply with public administration's requirements (e.g., permits, regulations, reporting)? [1 = extremely burdensome; 7 = not burdensome at all] Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableBudget transparency (scale 1 to 100, while 100 is best). This indicator assesses on a scale of 0 to 100 [most transparent] the extent to which governments publish data related to budget and spending. Original sources: The World Bank Group
More about this variableCredit gap in percentage points. It is the difference between the most recent domestic credit to the private sector, as a percentage of GDP, and its 20-year trend. Original sources: The World Bank Group; World Economic Forum
More about this variableInnovation capability (scale 1 to 100, while 100 is best). Original sources: World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Report 2018
More about this variableIncidence of corruption (scale 1 to 100, while 100 is best). The Corruption Perceptions Index aggregates data from a number of different sources that provide perceptions of business people and country experts of the level of corruption in the public sector. The scale ranges from 0 [highly corrupt] to 100 [very clean]. Original sources: Transparency International
More about this variableDebt dynamics (scale 1 to 100, while 100 is best). The index measures the change in public debt, weighted by a country's credit rating and debt level in relation to its GDP. Original sources: World Economic Forum; calculations based on data from International Monetary Fund and rating agencies
More about this variableDigital skills among active population. 1-7 (scaled 1 to 7, while 7 is the best). In your country, to what extent does the active population possess sufficient digital skills (e.g., computer skills, basic coding, digital reading)? [1 = not all; 7 = to a great extent] Please note that International Labour Organization (ILO) defines active population as population including employed and unemployed persons. Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableEfficiency of air transport services. 1-7 (scaled 1 to 7, while 7 is the best). In your country, how efficient (i.e., frequency, punctuality, speed, price) are air transport services? [1 = extremely inefficient-among the worst in the world; 7 = extremely efficient-among the best in the world] Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableEase of finding skilled employees (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, to what extent can companies find people with the skills required to fill their vacancies? [1 = not at all; 7 = to a great extent] Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableElectricity (scale 1 to 100, while 100 is best). This indicator is calculated by the World Economic Forum by aggregating two indicators that measure the electrification rate and electric power transmission and distribution losses. For more information, write to gcp@weforum.org.
More about this variableElectricity access entails a household having initial access to sufficient electricity to power a basic bundle of energy services-at a minimum, several lightbulbs, task lighting (such as a flashlight), phone. Sources: International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2018 (https://www.iea.org/weo2018/); The World Bank Group, Sustainable Energy for All database (https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/sustainable-energy-all, accessed 21 March 2019); national sources.
More about this variableE-Participation Index (scale 0 to 1, while 1 is best)). This indicator assesses the use of online services to facilitate the provision of information by governments to citizens (“e-information sharing”), interaction with stakeholders (“e-consultation”), and engagement in decision-making processes. Original sources: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA)
More about this variableEfficiency of seaport services (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, how efficient (i.e., frequency, punctuality, speed, price) are seaport services (ferries, boats) (for landlocked countries: assess access to seaport services) [1 = extremely inefficient-among the worst in the world; 7 = extremely efficient-among the best in the world] Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableEfficiency of train services (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, how efficient (i.e., frequency, punctuality, speed, price) are train transport services? [1 = extremely inefficient-among the worst in the world; 7 = extremely efficient-among the best in the world] Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableFixed-broadband Internet subscriptions. Fixed-broadband Internet subscriptions per 100 people. Original sources: International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
More about this variableGlobal Competitiveness Index 4.0 (scale 1 to 100, while 100 is best). The Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 assesses the microeconomic and macroeconomic foundations of national competitiveness, which is defined as the set of institutions, policies, and factors that determine the level of productivity of a country. Original sources: World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Report 2018
More about this variableGross domestic product (GDP) valued at purchasing power parity in billions of international dollars (constant 2011 prices). Original sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF)
More about this variableGrowth of innovative companies (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, to what extent do new companies with innovative ideas grow rapidly? [1 = not at all; 7 = to a great extent] Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableEase of hiring foreign labour (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). To what extent does labour regulation in your country limit the ability to hire foreign labour? (1 = very much limits hiring foreign labour, 7 = does not limit hiring foreign labour at all) Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableHiring and firing practices (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, to what extent do regulations allow flexible hiring and firing of workers? [1 = not at all; 7 = to a great extent] Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableHomicide rate. Number of homicide cases per 100,000 people. Original sources: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
More about this variableInflation, as the annual percent change in the consumer price index (year average). Original sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF).
More about this variableIntellectual property protection (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, to what extent is intellectual property protected? [1 = not at all; 7 = to a great extent] Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variablePercentage of individuals using the Internet. Original sources: International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
More about this variableJudicial independence (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, how independent is the judicial system from influences of the government, individuals, or companies? [1 = not independent at all; 7 = entirely independent] Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableCooperation in labour-employer relations. In your country, how do you characterize Labour-employer relations? [1 = generally confrontational; 7 = generally cooperative] Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableSchool life expectancy. Years. The total number of years of schooling (primary through tertiary) that a child can expect to receive, assuming that the probability of his or her being enrolled in school at any particular future age is equal to the current enrollment ratio at that age. Original sources: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
More about this variableThe extent of market dominance (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, how do you characterize corporate activity? [1 = dominated by a few business groups; 7 = spread among many firms] Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableMobile-cellular telephone subscriptions. Number of mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 people. Original sources: International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
More about this variableOrganized crime (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, to what extent does organized crime (mafia-oriented racketeering, extortion) impose costs on businesses? [1 = to a great extent-imposes huge costs; 7 = not at all-imposes no costs] Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variablePrevalence of non-tariff barriers (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, to what extent do non-tariff barriers (e.g., health and product standards, technical and labeling requirements, etc.) limit the ability of imported goods to compete in the domestic market? [1 = strongly limit; 7 = do not limit at all] Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variablePay and productivity (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, to what extent is pay related to employee productivity? [1 = not at all; 7 = to a great extent] Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableProperty rights (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, to what extent are property rights, including financial assets, protected? [1 = not at all; 7 = to a great extent] Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableTransport infrastructure (scale 1 to 100, while 100 is best). This indicator is calculated by the World Economic Forum by aggregating eight indicators that measure roads, railroads, air transport and water transport infrastructure. For more information, write to gcp@weforum.org. Original sources: World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Report 2018
More about this variableQuality of roads (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, how is the quality (extensiveness and condition) of road infrastructure [1 = extremely poor-among the worst in the world; 7 = extremely good-among the best in the world]. Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableQuality of vocational training. 1-7 (scaled 1 to 7, while 7 is the best). In your country, how do you assess the quality of vocational training? [1 = extremely poor-among the worst in the world; 7 = excellent-among the best in the world] Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableReliability of police services (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, to what extent can police services be relied upon to enforce law and order? [1 = not at all; 7 = to a great extent] Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableThe skillset of secondary-education graduates. 1-7 (scaled 1 to 7, while 7 is best). “In your country, to what extent do graduating students possess the skills needed by businesses at the following levels: Secondary education'' [1 = Not at all; 7 = To a great extent]. Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableFinancing of SMEs (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, to what extent can small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) access the financing they need for their business operations through the financial sector? [1 = not at all; 7 = to a great extent] Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableScientific publications. H Index. Score on an index measuring the number of publications and their citations, expressed at the country level. Original sources: SCImago
More about this variableThe skillset of university graduates. 1-7 (scaled 1 to 7, while 7 is the best). Response to the survey question “In your country, to what extent do graduating students possess the skills needed by businesses at the following levels: b. University-level (1 = Not at all; 7 = To a great extent)'' Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableTerrorism incidence (scaled from 1 (very high) to 100 (no incidence)). This custom-built index is the weighted average of the number of terrorism-related casualties (injuries and fatalities) and the number of terrorist attacks, discounted by time. Each component is normalized separately and then averaged. Values range from 1 [highest incidence] to 100 [no incidence]. Original sources: National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START)
More about this variableUniversity-industry collaboration in R&D. 1-7 (scaled 1 to 7, while 7 is the best). In your country, to what extent do businesses and universities collaborate on research and development (R&D)? [1 = do not collaborate at all; 7 = collaborate extensively]. Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableVenture capital availability (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, how easy is it for start-up entrepreneurs with innovative but risky projects to obtain equity funding? [1 = extremely difficult; 7 = extremely easy] Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableFlexibility of wage determination (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, how are wages generally set? [1 = by a centralized bargaining process; 7 = by each individual company] Original sources: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
More about this variableWater infrastructure (scale 0 to 100, while 100 is best). Original sources: World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Report 2018
More about this variableRatio of wage and salaried female workers to male workers. Ratio. The ratio of the percentage of women aged 15-64 participating in the labour force as wage and salaried workers to the percentage of men aged 15-64 participating in the labour force as wage and salaried workers. Original sources: International Labour Organization (ILO), World Economic Forum
More about this variableWorkers' rights (scale 1 to 100, while 100 is best). This index is adapted from the ITUC Global Rights Index, which measures the level of protection of internationally recognized core Labour standards including civil rights, the right to bargain collectively, the right to strike, the right to associate freely, and access to due process rights. It does not take into account any element of firing regulations. The scale ranges from 1 [no protection] to 100 [high protection]. Original sources: International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC), World Economic Forum
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