Active labour policies. 1-7 (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, to what extent do Labour market policies help unemployed people to reskill and find new employment (including skills matc ...

Strength of auditing and reporting standards. 1-7 (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, how strong are financial auditing and reporting standards? [1 = extremely weak; 7 = extremely strong ...

Burden of government regulation (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, how burdensome is it for companies to comply with public administration's requirements (e.g., permits, regulations, re ...

Budget transparency (scale 1 to 100, while 100 is best). This indicator assesses on a scale of 0 to 100 [most transparent] the extent to which governments publish data related to budget and spending. ...

Credit gap in percentage points. It is the difference between the most recent domestic credit to the private sector, as a percentage of GDP, and its 20-year trend. Original sources: The World Bank G ...

Innovation capability (scale 1 to 100, while 100 is best). Original sources: World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Report 2018

Incidence of corruption (scale 1 to 100, while 100 is best). The Corruption Perceptions Index aggregates data from a number of different sources that provide perceptions of business people and country ...

Debt dynamics (scale 1 to 100, while 100 is best). The index measures the change in public debt, weighted by a country's credit rating and debt level in relation to its GDP. Original sources: Worl ...

Digital skills among active population. 1-7 (scaled 1 to 7, while 7 is the best). In your country, to what extent does the active population possess sufficient digital skills (e.g., computer skills, b ...

Efficiency of air transport services. 1-7 (scaled 1 to 7, while 7 is the best). In your country, how efficient (i.e., frequency, punctuality, speed, price) are air transport services? [1 = extremely i ...

Ease of finding skilled employees (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, to what extent can companies find people with the skills required to fill their vacancies? [1 = not at all; 7 = to a ...

Electricity (scale 1 to 100, while 100 is best). This indicator is calculated by the World Economic Forum by aggregating two indicators that measure the electrification rate and electric power transmi ...

Electricity access entails a household having initial access to sufficient electricity to power a basic bundle of energy services-at a minimum, several lightbulbs, task lighting (such as a flashlight) ...

E-Participation Index (scale 0 to 1, while 1 is best)). This indicator assesses the use of online services to facilitate the provision of information by governments to citizens (“e-information sharing ...

Efficiency of seaport services (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, how efficient (i.e., frequency, punctuality, speed, price) are seaport services (ferries, boats) (for landlocked countr ...

Efficiency of train services (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, how efficient (i.e., frequency, punctuality, speed, price) are train transport services? [1 = extremely inefficient-amon ...

Fixed-broadband Internet subscriptions. Fixed-broadband Internet subscriptions per 100 people. Original sources: International Telecommunications Union (ITU)

Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 (scale 1 to 100, while 100 is best). The Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 assesses the microeconomic and macroeconomic foundations of national competitiveness, which ...

Gross domestic product (GDP) valued at purchasing power parity in billions of international dollars (constant 2011 prices). Original sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Growth of innovative companies (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, to what extent do new companies with innovative ideas grow rapidly? [1 = not at all; 7 = to a great extent] Original so ...

Ease of hiring foreign labour (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). To what extent does labour regulation in your country limit the ability to hire foreign labour? (1 = very much limits hiring foreign lab ...

Hiring and firing practices (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, to what extent do regulations allow flexible hiring and firing of workers? [1 = not at all; 7 = to a great extent] Origin ...

Homicide rate. Number of homicide cases per 100,000 people. Original sources: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)

Inflation, as the annual percent change in the consumer price index (year average). Original sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Intellectual property protection (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, to what extent is intellectual property protected? [1 = not at all; 7 = to a great extent] Original sources: World Ec ...

Percentage of individuals using the Internet. Original sources: International Telecommunications Union (ITU)

Judicial independence (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, how independent is the judicial system from influences of the government, individuals, or companies? [1 = not independent at al ...

Cooperation in labour-employer relations. In your country, how do you characterize Labour-employer relations? [1 = generally confrontational; 7 = generally cooperative] Original sources: World Economi ...

School life expectancy. Years. The total number of years of schooling (primary through tertiary) that a child can expect to receive, assuming that the probability of his or her being enrolled in schoo ...

The extent of market dominance (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, how do you characterize corporate activity? [1 = dominated by a few business groups; 7 = spread among many firms] Origi ...

Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions. Number of mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 people. Original sources: International Telecommunications Union (ITU)

Organized crime (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, to what extent does organized crime (mafia-oriented racketeering, extortion) impose costs on businesses? [1 = to a great extent-impos ...

Prevalence of non-tariff barriers (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, to what extent do non-tariff barriers (e.g., health and product standards, technical and labeling requirements, etc ...

Pay and productivity (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, to what extent is pay related to employee productivity? [1 = not at all; 7 = to a great extent] Original sources: World Economic ...

Property rights (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, to what extent are property rights, including financial assets, protected? [1 = not at all; 7 = to a great extent] Original sources: W ...

Transport infrastructure (scale 1 to 100, while 100 is best). This indicator is calculated by the World Economic Forum by aggregating eight indicators that measure roads, railroads, air transport and ...

Quality of roads (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, how is the quality (extensiveness and condition) of road infrastructure [1 = extremely poor-among the worst in the world; 7 = extreme ...

Quality of vocational training. 1-7 (scaled 1 to 7, while 7 is the best). In your country, how do you assess the quality of vocational training? [1 = extremely poor-among the worst in the world; 7 = e ...

Reliability of police services (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, to what extent can police services be relied upon to enforce law and order? [1 = not at all; 7 = to a great extent] Ori ...

The skillset of secondary-education graduates. 1-7 (scaled 1 to 7, while 7 is best). “In your country, to what extent do graduating students possess the skills needed by businesses at the following le ...

Financing of SMEs (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, to what extent can small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) access the financing they need for their business operations through t ...

Scientific publications. H Index. Score on an index measuring the number of publications and their citations, expressed at the country level. Original sources: SCImago

The skillset of university graduates. 1-7 (scaled 1 to 7, while 7 is the best). Response to the survey question “In your country, to what extent do graduating students possess the skills needed by bus ...

Terrorism incidence (scaled from 1 (very high) to 100 (no incidence)). This custom-built index is the weighted average of the number of terrorism-related casualties (injuries and fatalities) and the n ...

University-industry collaboration in R&D. 1-7 (scaled 1 to 7, while 7 is the best). In your country, to what extent do businesses and universities collaborate on research and development (R&D)? [1 = d ...

Venture capital availability (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, how easy is it for start-up entrepreneurs with innovative but risky projects to obtain equity funding? [1 = extremely dif ...

Flexibility of wage determination (scale 1 to 7, while 7 is best). In your country, how are wages generally set? [1 = by a centralized bargaining process; 7 = by each individual company] Original sour ...

Water infrastructure (scale 0 to 100, while 100 is best). Original sources: World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Report 2018

Ratio of wage and salaried female workers to male workers. Ratio. The ratio of the percentage of women aged 15-64 participating in the labour force as wage and salaried workers to the percentage of me ...

Workers' rights (scale 1 to 100, while 100 is best). This index is adapted from the ITUC Global Rights Index, which measures the level of protection of internationally recognized core Labour standards ...