The European Value Study (EVS) and the World Value Survey (WVS) are two large-scale, cross-national, and repeated cross-sectional longitudinal survey research programs. Since their emergence in the early 1980s, the EVS has conducted 5 survey waves (every 9 years), and the WVS has conducted 7 survey waves (every 5 years). Both research programs include a large number of questions, which have been replicated over time and across the EVS and the WVS surveys. Such repeated questions constitute the Integrated Values Surveys (IVS), the joint EVS-WVS time-series data, which at the moment covers a 41-years period (1981-2022).
The variables are country averages calculated using the population weight provided by WVS/EVS. All variables in this dataset have undergone the following processing:
1. Negative values (-1, -2, -4, -5) representing missing data codes are set to NA
2. Scale reversal applied to ensure consistent directionality across variables