Sub-score (0-100). Question no. 4. In practice, national-level judges give reasons for their decisions/judgments.

A 100 score is earned where all the following conditions are met:
1) judges routinely provide formal reasoning for their rulings,
2) their reasoning references the laws/jurisprudence they considered and the specific interpretation they gave them in relation to the case, and
3) their reasoning is public (for this indicator, national security exceptions are allowed).

A 50 score is earned where any of the following conditions apply:
1) judges occasionally fail to provide formal reasoning for their decisions,
2) the reasoning occasionally lacks references to the laws/jurisprudence considered or the respective judges' interpretations, or
3) it takes more than two weeks for citizens to obtain the reasoning after request.

A 0 score is earned where at least one of the following conditions apply:
1) judges rarely provide formal reasoning for their rulings, or
2) their reasoning rarely references the laws/jurisprudence they considered and/or the specific interpretations they gave them in relation to the case, or
3) the reasoning is not public.