Country-level weighted averages of Party Control over Ballot - SMD (upper house) (jw_smdballot2) and Party Control over Ballot - MMD (upper house) (jw_mmdballot2), where the weights are the percentage of members that originate from each tier. This variable thus reflects the value of ballots for the average member sitting in the upper house. The ballot variables focus on the amount of party control over candidates' access to a competitive position on the ballot. The variables equal (in order of increasing personal vote incentives): (0) where parties control access to ballots as well as the order in which individuals will fill the seats that the party wins (closed list multi-member districts, open list multi-member districts with little or no de facto change in list order); (1) where parties control access to the ballot, but not the order in which candidates will receive seats (open lists where intra-party preference votes seem to have a significant influence on which candidates are selected, and single-member districts where parties control access to the list); (2) where there are few or no impediments to individual candidates' ability to appear on the ballot (single-member districts where parties do not control access, e.g. allowing independent candidates and/or use primaries to select candidates).
Type of variable: Continuous
Downloaded by QoG on: 2022-12-07
Last updated by source: 2012-03-24
| Dataset | No. Countries |
|---|---|
| Standard time-series: | 24 |