Political Parties and Elections

This category includes variables describing various aspects of the legislature and political parties in the legislature (number of seats) as well as variables related to the election for the executive and variables on the outcomes of elections.

Variables under this category

Law: political parties are required to disclose public donations (Gov. funds)

QoG Code: aii_q48

Practice: pol. parties disclose public donations & these are available to the public

QoG Code: aii_q49

Law: political parties are required to disclose private donations

QoG Code: aii_q50

Practice: pol. parties disclose private donations \& it is available to the public

QoG Code: aii_q51

No. of coups

QoG Code: br_coup

Whether an election was postponed

QoG Code: br_elecpost

Typology of political institutions

QoG Code: br_elect

Whether an election was held during the year

QoG Code: br_elecyear

No. of failed coups

QoG Code: br_fcoup

Is the president interim/temporary

QoG Code: br_int

Is the country a monarchy

QoG Code: br_mon

Is the political system presidential

QoG Code: br_pres

Is the president female

QoG Code: br_presf

Does the country have proportional voting

QoG Code: br_pvote

Did the main regime change

QoG Code: br_regch

No. of successfull coups

QoG Code: br_scoup

Full suffrage

QoG Code: br_suff

Free and Fair Elections

QoG Code: bti_ffe

Party System

QoG Code: bti_ps

Contestation (standardized version)

QoG Code: cam_contest

Inclusiveness (standardized version)

QoG Code: cam_inclusive

Electoral Self-Determination

QoG Code: ciri_elecsd

Number of changes in government per year

QoG Code: cpds_chg

Effective number of parties on the seats level

QoG Code: cpds_enps

Effective number of parties on the votes level

QoG Code: cpds_enpv

Electoral fractionalization of the party system (Rae index)

QoG Code: cpds_frel

Legislative fractionalization of the party system (Rae index)

QoG Code: cpds_frleg

Cabinet composition (Schmidt index)

QoG Code: cpds_govlr

Government support (seat share of all parties in government)

QoG Code: cpds_govsup

Share of seats in parliament: agrarian

QoG Code: cpds_la

Share of seats in parliament: electoral alliance

QoG Code: cpds_lall

Share of seats in parliament: communist

QoG Code: cpds_lcom

Share of seats in parliament: conservative

QoG Code: cpds_lcon

Share of seats in parliament: ethnic

QoG Code: cpds_le

Share of seats in parliament: feminist

QoG Code: cpds_lfe

Share of seats in parliament: green

QoG Code: cpds_lg

Share of seats in parliament: liberal

QoG Code: cpds_ll

Share of seats in parliament: left-socialist

QoG Code: cpds_lls

Share of seats in parliament: monarchist

QoG Code: cpds_lmo

Share of seats in parliament: non-labelled

QoG Code: cpds_lnl

Share of seats in parliament: other

QoG Code: cpds_lo

Share of seats in parliament: protest

QoG Code: cpds_lp

Share of seats in parliament: post-communist

QoG Code: cpds_lpc

Share of seats in parliament: pensioners

QoG Code: cpds_lpen

Share of seats in parliament: personalist

QoG Code: cpds_lper

Share of seats in parliament: right

QoG Code: cpds_lr

Share of seats in parliament: regionalist

QoG Code: cpds_lreg

Share of seats in parliament: religious

QoG Code: cpds_lrel

Share of seats in parliament: social democratic

QoG Code: cpds_ls

Type of Government

QoG Code: cpds_tg

Share of votes: agrarian

QoG Code: cpds_va

Share of votes: electoral alliance

QoG Code: cpds_vall

Share of votes: communist

QoG Code: cpds_vcom

Share of votes: conservative

QoG Code: cpds_vcon

Share of votes: ethnic

QoG Code: cpds_ve

Share of votes: feminist

QoG Code: cpds_vfe

Share of votes: green

QoG Code: cpds_vg

Share of votes: liberal

QoG Code: cpds_vl

Share of votes: left-socialist

QoG Code: cpds_vls

Share of votes: monarchist

QoG Code: cpds_vmo

Share of votes: non-labelled

QoG Code: cpds_vnl

Share of votes: other

QoG Code: cpds_vo

Share of votes: protest

QoG Code: cpds_vp

Share of votes: post-communist

QoG Code: cpds_vpcom

Share of votes: pensioners

QoG Code: cpds_vpen

Share of votes: personalist

QoG Code: cpds_vper

Share of votes: right

QoG Code: cpds_vr

Share of votes: regionalist

QoG Code: cpds_vreg

Share of votes: religious

QoG Code: cpds_vrel

Share of votes: social democratic

QoG Code: cpds_vs

Voter turnout in election

QoG Code: cpds_vt

Closeness to Political Party

QoG Code: cses_pc

Electoral Volatility - Parties above 1%

QoG Code: dev_altv1

Electoral Volatility - Parties above 1% (2nd election in year)

QoG Code: dev_altv2

Electoral Volatility - Parties below 1%

QoG Code: dev_othv1

Electoral Volatility - Parties below 1% (2nd election in year)

QoG Code: dev_othv2

Electoral Volatility - Parties entering/exiting party system

QoG Code: dev_regv1

Electoral Volatility - Parties entering/exiting party system (2nd election in ye

QoG Code: dev_regv2

Electoral Volatility - Total

QoG Code: dev_tv1

Electoral Volatility - Total (2nd election in year)

QoG Code: dev_tv2

Trust in Parliament

QoG Code: ess_trparl

Trust in Political Parties

QoG Code: ess_trpart

Trust in Politicians

QoG Code: ess_trpolit

Electoral Volatility in the EP - Parties above 1%

QoG Code: evep_altv

Net change in the agg. vote share for all parties in Class Bloc (EP)

QoG Code: evep_classbloc

Net change in the agg. vote share for all parties in Demarcation Bloc (EP)

QoG Code: evep_dembloc

Electoral Volatility in the EP - Parties below 1%

QoG Code: evep_othv

Electoral Volatility in the EP - Parties entering/exiting party system

QoG Code: evep_regv

Electoral Volatility in the EP - Total

QoG Code: evep_tv

Factionalized Elites

QoG Code: ffp_fe

Electoral Process

QoG Code: fh_ep

Corruption Perception-Legislature: Most (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pclmost

Corruption Perception-Legislature: Some (% respondents)

QoG Code: gcb_pclsome

Average District Magnitude

QoG Code: gol_adm

Districts

QoG Code: gol_dist

Effective Number of Electoral Parties

QoG Code: gol_enep

Effective Number of Electoral Parties 1

QoG Code: gol_enep1

Effective Number of Electoral Parties (Others)

QoG Code: gol_enepo

Effective Number of Parliamentary or Legislative Parties

QoG Code: gol_enpp

Effective Number of Parliamentary or Legislative Parties, other corrected

QoG Code: gol_enpp1

Effective Number of Parliamentary or Legislative Parties (Others)

QoG Code: gol_enppo

Effective Number of Presidential Candidates

QoG Code: gol_enpres

Electoral System Type-3 classes

QoG Code: gol_est

Electoral System Type-12 classes

QoG Code: gol_est_spec

Institution

QoG Code: gol_inst

Mixed Type

QoG Code: gol_mix

Multi-Tier Type

QoG Code: gol_mt

Number of Seats

QoG Code: gol_nos

Presidential Electoral System Type

QoG Code: gol_pest

Electoral Formula used in an Electoral Tier

QoG Code: gol_pr

Presidential Election

QoG Code: gol_preel

Upper Seats

QoG Code: gol_upseat

Upper Tier

QoG Code: gol_uptier

Proportional Representation

QoG Code: gtm_pr

Alignment Executive/Legislative Chamber (lower)

QoG Code: h_alignl1

Alignment Lower/Upper Legislative Chamber

QoG Code: h_alignl1l2

Alignment Executive/Legislative Chamber (upper)

QoG Code: h_alignl2

2nd Legislative Chamber

QoG Code: h_l2

Legislative Fractionalization (lower)

QoG Code: h_lflo

Legislative Fractionalization (upper)

QoG Code: h_lfup

Size of Largest Party in Legislature (in Fractions)

QoG Code: ht_partsz

Banning of Anti-System Parties

QoG Code: iaep_basp

Banned Parties

QoG Code: iaep_bp

Some other executive have the power to call elections

QoG Code: iaep_callo

Ethnicity Based Banning of Parties

QoG Code: iaep_ebbp

Election of the Executive

QoG Code: iaep_ee

Executive Nomination of Legislature Candidates

QoG Code: iaep_enlc

Electoral System

QoG Code: iaep_es

Electoral System for the Executive

QoG Code: iaep_ese

Independence of Selection of Executive

QoG Code: iaep_ise

National Elections for an Executive

QoG Code: iaep_nee

National Elections for the Legislature

QoG Code: iaep_nel

No Parties Allowed

QoG Code: iaep_npa

National Referendums

QoG Code: iaep_nr

Parties with More than 5 Percent

QoG Code: iaep_pm5p

Party Nomination of Executive Candidates

QoG Code: iaep_pnec

Party Nomination of Legislature Candidates

QoG Code: iaep_pnlc

Petition Signatures Establish Executive Candidates

QoG Code: iaep_pseec

Petition Signatures Establish Legislature Candidates

QoG Code: iaep_pselc

Party Vote Establish Executive Candidates

QoG Code: iaep_pveec

Party Vote Establish Legislature Candidates

QoG Code: iaep_pvelc

Religion Based Banning of Parties

QoG Code: iaep_rbbp

Self-Nomination of Executive Candidates

QoG Code: iaep_snec

Self-Nomination of Legislature Candidates

QoG Code: iaep_snlc

Electoral System Family

QoG Code: ideaesd_esf

Electoral System for the National Legislature

QoG Code: ideaesd_esnl

Electoral System for the President

QoG Code: ideaesd_esp

Legislative Size (Directly Elected)

QoG Code: ideaesd_lsde

Legislative Size (Voting Members)

QoG Code: ideaesd_lsvm

Number of Tiers

QoG Code: ideaesd_tiers

EU Parliamentary Election: Compulsory Voting

QoG Code: ideavt_eucv

EU Parliamentary Election: Voter Turnout

QoG Code: ideavt_euvt

Parliamentary Election: Compulsory Voting

QoG Code: ideavt_legcv

Parliamentary Election Second Round: Compulsory Voting

QoG Code: ideavt_legcvsnd

Parliamentary Election: Voter Turnout

QoG Code: ideavt_legvt

Parliamentary Election Second Round: Voter Turnout

QoG Code: ideavt_legvtsnd

Presidential Election: Compulsory Voting

QoG Code: ideavt_prescv

Presidential Election Second Round: Compulsory Voting

QoG Code: ideavt_prescvsnd

Presidential Election: Voter Turnout

QoG Code: ideavt_presvt

Presidential Election Second Round: Voter Turnout

QoG Code: ideavt_presvtsnd

Participation Score

QoG Code: iiag_par

Number of Seats (Lower and Single Houses)

QoG Code: ipu_l_s

Share of Women (Lower and Single Houses)

QoG Code: ipu_l_sw

Number of Women (Lower and Single Houses)

QoG Code: ipu_l_w

Number of Seats (Upper House)

QoG Code: ipu_u_s

Share of Women (Upper House)

QoG Code: ipu_u_sw

Number of Women (Upper House)

QoG Code: ipu_u_w

Polarization score in terms of seats

QoG Code: ipwe_pseats1

Polarization score in terms of votes (2nd election in year)

QoG Code: ipwe_pseats2

Polarization score in terms of votes

QoG Code: ipwe_pvotes1

Polarization score in terms of votes (second election in year)

QoG Code: ipwe_pvotes2

Party Control over Ballot (lower/only house)

QoG Code: jw_avgballot

Party Control over Ballot (upper house)

QoG Code: jw_avgballot2

Sharing of Votes among Candidates (lower/only house)

QoG Code: jw_avgpool

Sharing of Votes among Candidates (upper house)

QoG Code: jw_avgpool2

Candidate or Party-specific Voting (lower/only house)

QoG Code: jw_avgvote

Candidate or Party-specific Voting (upper house)

QoG Code: jw_avgvote2

Bicameral System

QoG Code: jw_bicameral

Dominant or Populous Tier

QoG Code: jw_domr

Year of Election (lower/only house)

QoG Code: jw_election

Year of Election (upper house)

QoG Code: jw_election2

Ballot Access for Independent Candidates (lower/only house)

QoG Code: jw_indy

Ballot Access for Independent Candidates (upper house)

QoG Code: jw_indy2

Number of Coded Legislators (lower/only house)

QoG Code: jw_legsize

Number of Coded Legislators (upper house)

QoG Code: jw_legsize2

District Magnitude of Average Legislator (lower/only house)

QoG Code: jw_mcand

District Magnitude of Average Legislator (upper house)

QoG Code: jw_mcand2

Average District Magnitude (lower/only house)

QoG Code: jw_mdist

Average District Magnitude (upper house)

QoG Code: jw_mdist2

Party Control over Ballot - MMD (lower/only house)

QoG Code: jw_mmdballot

Party Control over Ballot - MMD (upper house)

QoG Code: jw_mmdballot2

Sharing of Votes among Candidates - MMD (lower/only house)

QoG Code: jw_mmdpool

Sharing of Votes among Candidates - MMD (upper house)

QoG Code: jw_mmdpool2

Candidate or Party-specific Voting - MMD (lower/only house)

QoG Code: jw_mmdvote

Candidate or Party-specific Voting - MMD (upper house)

QoG Code: jw_mmdvote2

Runoff Elections

QoG Code: jw_multiround

Multi Tier (lower/only house)

QoG Code: jw_multitier

Multi Tier (upper house)

QoG Code: jw_multitier2

Single Party System

QoG Code: jw_oneparty

Tiers allocated in Parallel

QoG Code: jw_parallel

Personalistic Tier

QoG Code: jw_persr

Proportion Coded Legislators (lower/only house)

QoG Code: jw_propcoded

Proportion Coded Legislators (upper house)

QoG Code: jw_propcoded2

Seats from Multi-Member Districts (lower/only house)

QoG Code: jw_propmmd

Seats from Multi-Member Districts (upper house)

QoG Code: jw_propmmd2

Seats from a National District (lower/only house)

QoG Code: jw_propn

Seats from a National District (upper house)

QoG Code: jw_propn2

Seats from Single-Member Districts (lower/only house)

QoG Code: jw_propsmd

Seats from Single-Member Districts (upper house)

QoG Code: jw_propsmd2

Rank Vote (lower/only house)

QoG Code: jw_rank

Rank Vote (upper house)

QoG Code: jw_rank2

Party Control over Ballot - SMD (lower/only house)

QoG Code: jw_smdballot

Party Control over Ballot - SMD (upper house)

QoG Code: jw_smdballot2

Sharing of Votes among Candidates - SMD (lower/only house)

QoG Code: jw_smdpool

Sharing of Votes among Candidates - SMD (upper house)

QoG Code: jw_smdpool2

Candidate or Party-specific Voting - SMD (lower/only house)

QoG Code: jw_smdvote

Candidate or Party-specific Voting - SMD (upper house)

QoG Code: jw_smdvote2

Tiervote (lower/only house)

QoG Code: jw_tiervote

Tiervote (upper house)

QoG Code: jw_tiervote2

First Multiparty Election

QoG Code: nelda_fme

Media Bias before Election

QoG Code: nelda_mbbe

Was More Than One Party Legal

QoG Code: nelda_mtop

Number of Elections, Total

QoG Code: nelda_noe

Number of Elections, Constituent Assembly

QoG Code: nelda_noea

Number of Elections, Executive

QoG Code: nelda_noee

Number of Elections, Legislative

QoG Code: nelda_noel

Was Opposition Allowed

QoG Code: nelda_oa

Riots and Protests after Election

QoG Code: nelda_rpae

Violence and Civilian Deaths before Election

QoG Code: nelda_vcdbe

Electoral Family

QoG Code: no_ef

Electoral Integrity Rating

QoG Code: pei_eir

Perception of Electoral Integrity Index

QoG Code: pei_peii

Perception of Electoral Integrity Index Type

QoG Code: pei_peit

BREXIT Vote (UK Only)

QoG Code: per_UKq1

Supported Political Party

QoG Code: per_q6

Participation in EU Elections

QoG Code: per_q7

Cummulative Party System Innovation

QoG Code: psi_cpsi1

Cummulative Party System Innovation of a second election in a year

QoG Code: psi_cpsi2

Exact date of the election

QoG Code: psi_edate1

Exact date of the second election in a year

QoG Code: psi_edate2

Party System Innovation (overall vote share of new parties in given election)

QoG Code: psi_psi1

Party System Innovation of a second election in a year

QoG Code: psi_psi2

Majoritarian Electoral Systems

QoG Code: pt_maj

Robust Democracy: Electoral Process

QoG Code: sgi_qdep

Cabinet Portfolios: Centrist Christian Democratic

QoG Code: sw_cccd

Cabinet Portfolios: Christian Democratic

QoG Code: sw_ccd

Cabinet Portfolios: Center

QoG Code: sw_cce

Cabinet Portfolios: Left

QoG Code: sw_cl

Cabinet Portfolios: Left-Libertarian

QoG Code: sw_cll

Cabinet Portfolios: Right

QoG Code: sw_cr

Cabinet Portfolios: Right-Wing Populist

QoG Code: sw_crwp

Election Year

QoG Code: sw_ey

Governing Party Seats: Centrist Christian Democratic

QoG Code: sw_gccd

Governing Party Seats: Christian Democratic

QoG Code: sw_gcd

Governing Party Seats: Center

QoG Code: sw_gce

Governing Party Seats: Left

QoG Code: sw_gl

Governing Party Seats: Left-Libertarian

QoG Code: sw_gll

Governing Party Seats: Right

QoG Code: sw_gr

Governing Party Seats: Right-Wing Populist

QoG Code: sw_grwp

Legislative Seats: Centrist Christian Democratic

QoG Code: sw_lccd

Legislative Seats: Christian Democratic

QoG Code: sw_lcd

Legislative Seats: Center

QoG Code: sw_lce

Legislative Seats: Left

QoG Code: sw_ll

Legislative Seats: Left-Libertarian

QoG Code: sw_lll

Legislative Seats: Right

QoG Code: sw_lr

Legislative Seats: Right-Wing Populist

QoG Code: sw_lrwp

Votes: Centrist Christian Democratic

QoG Code: sw_vccd

Votes: Christian Democratic

QoG Code: sw_vcd

Votes: Center

QoG Code: sw_vce

Votes: Left

QoG Code: sw_vl

Votes: Left-Libertarian

QoG Code: sw_vll

Votes: Right

QoG Code: sw_vr

Votes: Right-Wing Populist

QoG Code: sw_vrwp

KOLFU: Politicians from your own party

QoG Code: swm_kfu_polcon1

KOLFU: Politicians from other parties

QoG Code: swm_kfu_polcon2

KOLFU: Political bureaucrats

QoG Code: swm_kfu_polcon3

KOLFU: Non-political bureaucrats

QoG Code: swm_kfu_polcon4

KOLFU: Entrepreneurs in your municipality

QoG Code: swm_kfu_polcon5

Election result municipal assembly, share of votes: Centerpartiet

QoG Code: swm_scb_ermun_c

Election result municipal assembly, share of votes: Folkpartiet

QoG Code: swm_scb_ermun_fp

Election result municipal assembly, share of votes: Kristdemokraterna

QoG Code: swm_scb_ermun_kd

Election result municipal assembly, share of votes: Moderaterna

QoG Code: swm_scb_ermun_m

Election result municipal assembly, share of votes: Miljöpartiet

QoG Code: swm_scb_ermun_mp

Election result municipal assembly, share of votes: Other parties

QoG Code: swm_scb_ermun_oth

Election result municipal assembly, share of votes: Socialdemokraterna

QoG Code: swm_scb_ermun_s

Election result municipal assembly, share of votes: Sverigedemokraterna

QoG Code: swm_scb_ermun_sd

Election result municipal assembly, share of votes: Vänsterpartiet

QoG Code: swm_scb_ermun_v

Number of seats in municipal assembly: Centerpartiet

QoG Code: swm_scb_mas_c

Number of seats in municipal assembly: Folkpartiet

QoG Code: swm_scb_mas_fp

Number of seats in municipal assembly: Kristdemokraterna

QoG Code: swm_scb_mas_kd

Number of seats in municipal assembly: Moderaterna

QoG Code: swm_scb_mas_m

Number of seats in municipal assembly: Miljöpartiet

QoG Code: swm_scb_mas_mp

Number of seats in municipal assembly: Other parties

QoG Code: swm_scb_mas_oth

Number of seats in municipal assembly: Socialdemokraterna

QoG Code: swm_scb_mas_s

Number of seats in municipal assembly: Sverigedemokraterna

QoG Code: swm_scb_mas_sd

Number of seats in municipal assembly: Vänsterpartiet

QoG Code: swm_scb_mas_v

Referendums held during mandate period

QoG Code: swm_scb_ref

Voter turnout in municipal elections

QoG Code: swm_scb_voteturn

Competition

QoG Code: van_comp

Index of Democratization

QoG Code: van_index

Participation

QoG Code: van_part

Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%)

QoG Code: wdi_wip

Number of years the leader in office continuously

QoG Code: wgov_leadexp

Number of cabinet ministers

QoG Code: wgov_min

Average age in cabinet ministers

QoG Code: wgov_minage

Number of women in cabinet ministers

QoG Code: wgov_minfem

Number of people with military titles in cabinet ministers

QoG Code: wgov_minmil

Average tenure for cabinet ministers

QoG Code: wgov_minten

Adjusted retention rate for cabinet ministers

QoG Code: wgov_mret

Total mumber of government positions (inc. unoccupied and multiple positions)

QoG Code: wgov_tot

Average age in government positions

QoG Code: wgov_totage

Number of women in government positions

QoG Code: wgov_totfem

Number of people with military titles in government positions

QoG Code: wgov_totmil

Average tenure for people in government positions

QoG Code: wgov_totten

Adjusted retention rate for people in government positions

QoG Code: wgov_tret

Confidence: The Political Parties

QoG Code: wvs_confpp

Age Representation Index (30 or under)

QoG Code: yri_agi30

Age Representation Index (35 or under)

QoG Code: yri_agi35

Age Representation Index (40 or under)

QoG Code: yri_agi40

Age Representation Index (41 to 60)

QoG Code: yri_agi4160

Age Representation Index (61 or over)

QoG Code: yri_agi61

Female Representation in Parliament (under 30 years)

QoG Code: yri_fem30

Female Representation in Parliament (under 35 years)

QoG Code: yri_fem35

Female Representation in Parliament (under 40 years)

QoG Code: yri_fem40

Female Representation in Parliament (41 to 60 years)

QoG Code: yri_fem4160

Female Representation in Parliament (over 61 years)

QoG Code: yri_fem61

Mean age of MPs

QoG Code: yri_meanage

Median age of MPs

QoG Code: yri_medianage

Percent MPs aged 30 or under

QoG Code: yri_mp30

Percent MPs aged 35 or under

QoG Code: yri_mp35

Percent MPs aged 40 or under

QoG Code: yri_mp40

Percent MPs aged 41 to 60

QoG Code: yri_mp4160

Percent MPs aged 61 or over

QoG Code: yri_mp61