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Political Parties and Elections

This category includes variables describing various aspects of the legislature and political parties in the legislature (number of seats) as well as variables related to the election for the executive and variables on the outcomes of elections.


Law: political parties are required to disclose public donations (Gov. funds)
QoG Code: aii_q48
Practice: pol. parties disclose public donations (available to the public)
QoG Code: aii_q49
Law: political parties are required to disclose private donations
QoG Code: aii_q50
Practice: pol. parties disclose private donations (available to the public)
QoG Code: aii_q51
No. of coups
QoG Code: br_coup
Whether an election was postponed
QoG Code: br_elecpost
Typology of political institutions
QoG Code: br_elect
Whether an election was held during the year
QoG Code: br_elecyear
No. of failed coups
QoG Code: br_fcoup
Is the president interim/temporary
QoG Code: br_int
Is the country a monarchy
QoG Code: br_mon
Is the political system presidential
QoG Code: br_pres
Is the president female
QoG Code: br_presf
Does the country have proportional voting
QoG Code: br_pvote
Did the main regime change
QoG Code: br_regch
No. of successful coups
QoG Code: br_scoup
Full suffrage
QoG Code: br_suff
Free and Fair Elections
QoG Code: bti_ffe
Party System
QoG Code: bti_ps
Contestation (standardized version)
QoG Code: cam_contest
Inclusiveness (standardized version)
QoG Code: cam_inclusive
Electoral Self-Determination
QoG Code: ciri_elecsd
Number of changes in government per year
QoG Code: cpds_chg
Effective number of parties on the seats level
QoG Code: cpds_enps
Effective number of parties on the votes level
QoG Code: cpds_enpv
Electoral fractionalization of the party system (Rae index)
QoG Code: cpds_frel
Legislative fractionalization of the party system (Rae index)
QoG Code: cpds_frleg
Cabinet composition (Schmidt index)
QoG Code: cpds_govlr
Government support (seat share of all parties in government)
QoG Code: cpds_govsup
Share of seats in parliament: agrarian
QoG Code: cpds_la
Share of seats in parliament: electoral alliance
QoG Code: cpds_lall
Share of seats in parliament: communist
QoG Code: cpds_lcom
Share of seats in parliament: conservative
QoG Code: cpds_lcon
Share of seats in parliament: ethnic
QoG Code: cpds_le
Share of seats in parliament: feminist
QoG Code: cpds_lfe
Share of seats in parliament: green
QoG Code: cpds_lg
Share of seats in parliament: liberal
QoG Code: cpds_ll
Share of seats in parliament: left-socialist
QoG Code: cpds_lls
Share of seats in parliament: monarchist
QoG Code: cpds_lmo
Share of seats in parliament: non-labelled
QoG Code: cpds_lnl
Share of seats in parliament: other
QoG Code: cpds_lo
Share of seats in parliament: protest
QoG Code: cpds_lp
Share of seats in parliament: post-communist
QoG Code: cpds_lpc
Share of seats in parliament: pensioners
QoG Code: cpds_lpen
Share of seats in parliament: personalist
QoG Code: cpds_lper
Share of seats in parliament: right
QoG Code: cpds_lr
Share of seats in parliament: regionalist
QoG Code: cpds_lreg
Share of seats in parliament: religious
QoG Code: cpds_lrel
Share of seats in parliament: social democratic
QoG Code: cpds_ls
Type of Government
QoG Code: cpds_tg
Share of votes: agrarian
QoG Code: cpds_va
Share of votes: electoral alliance
QoG Code: cpds_vall
Share of votes: communist
QoG Code: cpds_vcom
Share of votes: conservative
QoG Code: cpds_vcon
Share of votes: ethnic
QoG Code: cpds_ve
Share of votes: feminist
QoG Code: cpds_vfe
Share of votes: green
QoG Code: cpds_vg
Share of votes: liberal
QoG Code: cpds_vl
Share of votes: left-socialist
QoG Code: cpds_vls
Share of votes: monarchist
QoG Code: cpds_vmo
Share of votes: non-labelled
QoG Code: cpds_vnl
Share of votes: other
QoG Code: cpds_vo
Share of votes: protest
QoG Code: cpds_vp
Share of votes: post-communist
QoG Code: cpds_vpcom
Share of votes: pensioners
QoG Code: cpds_vpen
Share of votes: personalist
QoG Code: cpds_vper
Share of votes: right
QoG Code: cpds_vr
Share of votes: regionalist
QoG Code: cpds_vreg
Share of votes: religious
QoG Code: cpds_vrel
Share of votes: social democratic
QoG Code: cpds_vs
Voter turnout in election
QoG Code: cpds_vt
Closeness to Political Party
QoG Code: cses_pc
Electoral Volatility - Parties above 1%
QoG Code: dev_altv1
Electoral Volatility - Parties above 1% (2nd election in year)
QoG Code: dev_altv2
Electoral Volatility - Parties below 1%
QoG Code: dev_othv1
Electoral Volatility - Parties below 1% (2nd election in year)
QoG Code: dev_othv2
Electoral Volatility - Parties entering/exiting party system
QoG Code: dev_regv1
Electoral Volatility - Parties enter/exit party system (2nd election in year)
QoG Code: dev_regv2
Electoral Volatility - Total
QoG Code: dev_tv1
Electoral Volatility - Total (2nd election in year)
QoG Code: dev_tv2
Trust in Parliament
QoG Code: ess_trparl
Trust in Political Parties
QoG Code: ess_trpart
Trust in Politicians
QoG Code: ess_trpolit
Electoral Volatility in the EP - Parties above 1%
QoG Code: evep_altv
Net change in the agg. vote share for all parties in Class Bloc (EP)
QoG Code: evep_classbloc
Net change in the agg. vote share for all parties in Demarcation Bloc (EP)
QoG Code: evep_dembloc
Electoral Volatility in the EP - Parties below 1%
QoG Code: evep_othv
Electoral Volatility in the EP - Parties entering/exiting party system
QoG Code: evep_regv
Electoral Volatility in the EP - Total
QoG Code: evep_tv
Factionalized Elites
QoG Code: ffp_fe
Electoral Process
QoG Code: fh_ep
Corruption Perception-Legislature: Most (% respondents)
QoG Code: gcb_pclmost
Corruption Perception-Legislature: Some (% respondents)
QoG Code: gcb_pclsome
Average District Magnitude
QoG Code: gol_adm
Districts
QoG Code: gol_dist
Effective Number of Electoral Parties
QoG Code: gol_enep
Effective Number of Electoral Parties 1
QoG Code: gol_enep1
Effective Number of Electoral Parties (Others)
QoG Code: gol_enepo
Effective Number of Parliamentary or Legislative Parties
QoG Code: gol_enpp
Effective Number of Parliamentary or Legislative Parties, other corrected
QoG Code: gol_enpp1
Effective Number of Parliamentary or Legislative Parties (Others)
QoG Code: gol_enppo
Effective Number of Presidential Candidates
QoG Code: gol_enpres
Electoral System Type-3 classes
QoG Code: gol_est
Electoral System Type-12 classes
QoG Code: gol_est_spec
Institution
QoG Code: gol_inst
Mixed Type
QoG Code: gol_mix
Multi-Tier Type
QoG Code: gol_mt
Number of Seats
QoG Code: gol_nos
Presidential Electoral System Type
QoG Code: gol_pest
Electoral Formula used in an Electoral Tier
QoG Code: gol_pr
Presidential Election
QoG Code: gol_preel
Upper Seats
QoG Code: gol_upseat
Upper Tier
QoG Code: gol_uptier
Proportional Representation
QoG Code: gtm_pr
Alignment Executive/Legislative Chamber (lower)
QoG Code: h_alignl1
Alignment Lower/Upper Legislative Chamber
QoG Code: h_alignl1l2
Alignment Executive/Legislative Chamber (upper)
QoG Code: h_alignl2
2nd Legislative Chamber
QoG Code: h_l2
Legislative Fractionalization (lower)
QoG Code: h_lflo
Legislative Fractionalization (upper)
QoG Code: h_lfup
Size of Largest Party in Legislature (in Fractions)
QoG Code: ht_partsz
Banning of Anti-System Parties
QoG Code: iaep_basp
Banned Parties
QoG Code: iaep_bp
Some other executive have the power to call elections
QoG Code: iaep_callo
Ethnicity Based Banning of Parties
QoG Code: iaep_ebbp
Election of the Executive
QoG Code: iaep_ee
Executive Nomination of Legislature Candidates
QoG Code: iaep_enlc
Electoral System
QoG Code: iaep_es
Electoral System for the Executive
QoG Code: iaep_ese
Independence of Selection of Executive
QoG Code: iaep_ise
National Elections for an Executive
QoG Code: iaep_nee
National Elections for the Legislature
QoG Code: iaep_nel
No Parties Allowed
QoG Code: iaep_npa
National Referendums
QoG Code: iaep_nr
Parties with More than 5 Percent
QoG Code: iaep_pm5p
Party Nomination of Executive Candidates
QoG Code: iaep_pnec
Party Nomination of Legislature Candidates
QoG Code: iaep_pnlc
Petition Signatures Establish Executive Candidates
QoG Code: iaep_pseec
Petition Signatures Establish Legislature Candidates
QoG Code: iaep_pselc
Party Vote Establish Executive Candidates
QoG Code: iaep_pveec
Party Vote Establish Legislature Candidates
QoG Code: iaep_pvelc
Religion Based Banning of Parties
QoG Code: iaep_rbbp
Self-Nomination of Executive Candidates
QoG Code: iaep_snec
Self-Nomination of Legislature Candidates
QoG Code: iaep_snlc
Electoral System Family
QoG Code: ideaesd_esf
Electoral System for the National Legislature
QoG Code: ideaesd_esnl
Electoral System for the President
QoG Code: ideaesd_esp
Legislative Size (Directly Elected)
QoG Code: ideaesd_lsde
Legislative Size (Voting Members)
QoG Code: ideaesd_lsvm
Number of Tiers
QoG Code: ideaesd_tiers
EU Parliamentary Election: Compulsory Voting
QoG Code: ideavt_eucv
EU Parliamentary Election: Voter Turnout
QoG Code: ideavt_euvt
Parliamentary Election: Compulsory Voting
QoG Code: ideavt_legcv
Parliamentary Election Second Round: Compulsory Voting
QoG Code: ideavt_legcvsnd
Parliamentary Election: Voter Turnout
QoG Code: ideavt_legvt
Parliamentary Election Second Round: Voter Turnout
QoG Code: ideavt_legvtsnd
Presidential Election: Compulsory Voting
QoG Code: ideavt_prescv
Presidential Election Second Round: Compulsory Voting
QoG Code: ideavt_prescvsnd
Presidential Election: Voter Turnout
QoG Code: ideavt_presvt
Presidential Election Second Round: Voter Turnout
QoG Code: ideavt_presvtsnd
Participation Score
QoG Code: iiag_par
Number of Seats (Lower and Single Houses)
QoG Code: ipu_l_s
Share of Women (Lower and Single Houses)
QoG Code: ipu_l_sw
Number of Women (Lower and Single Houses)
QoG Code: ipu_l_w
Number of Seats (Upper House)
QoG Code: ipu_u_s
Share of Women (Upper House)
QoG Code: ipu_u_sw
Number of Women (Upper House)
QoG Code: ipu_u_w
Polarization score in terms of seats
QoG Code: ipwe_pseats1
Polarization score in terms of votes (2nd election in year)
QoG Code: ipwe_pseats2
Polarization score in terms of votes
QoG Code: ipwe_pvotes1
Polarization score in terms of votes (second election in year)
QoG Code: ipwe_pvotes2
Party Control over Ballot (lower/only house)
QoG Code: jw_avgballot
Party Control over Ballot (upper house)
QoG Code: jw_avgballot2
Sharing of Votes among Candidates (lower/only house)
QoG Code: jw_avgpool
Sharing of Votes among Candidates (upper house)
QoG Code: jw_avgpool2
Candidate or Party-specific Voting (lower/only house)
QoG Code: jw_avgvote
Candidate or Party-specific Voting (upper house)
QoG Code: jw_avgvote2
Bicameral System
QoG Code: jw_bicameral
Dominant or Populous Tier
QoG Code: jw_domr
Year of Election (lower/only house)
QoG Code: jw_election
Year of Election (upper house)
QoG Code: jw_election2
Ballot Access for Independent Candidates (lower/only house)
QoG Code: jw_indy
Ballot Access for Independent Candidates (upper house)
QoG Code: jw_indy2
Number of Coded Legislators (lower/only house)
QoG Code: jw_legsize
Number of Coded Legislators (upper house)
QoG Code: jw_legsize2
District Magnitude of Average Legislator (lower/only house)
QoG Code: jw_mcand
District Magnitude of Average Legislator (upper house)
QoG Code: jw_mcand2
Average District Magnitude (lower/only house)
QoG Code: jw_mdist
Average District Magnitude (upper house)
QoG Code: jw_mdist2
Party Control over Ballot - MMD (lower/only house)
QoG Code: jw_mmdballot
Party Control over Ballot - MMD (upper house)
QoG Code: jw_mmdballot2
Sharing of Votes among Candidates - MMD (lower/only house)
QoG Code: jw_mmdpool
Sharing of Votes among Candidates - MMD (upper house)
QoG Code: jw_mmdpool2
Candidate or Party-specific Voting - MMD (lower/only house)
QoG Code: jw_mmdvote
Candidate or Party-specific Voting - MMD (upper house)
QoG Code: jw_mmdvote2
Runoff Elections
QoG Code: jw_multiround
Multi Tier (lower/only house)
QoG Code: jw_multitier
Multi Tier (upper house)
QoG Code: jw_multitier2
Single Party System
QoG Code: jw_oneparty
Tiers allocated in Parallel
QoG Code: jw_parallel
Personalistic Tier
QoG Code: jw_persr
Proportion Coded Legislators (lower/only house)
QoG Code: jw_propcoded
Proportion Coded Legislators (upper house)
QoG Code: jw_propcoded2
Seats from Multi-Member Districts (lower/only house)
QoG Code: jw_propmmd
Seats from Multi-Member Districts (upper house)
QoG Code: jw_propmmd2
Seats from a National District (lower/only house)
QoG Code: jw_propn
Seats from a National District (upper house)
QoG Code: jw_propn2
Seats from Single-Member Districts (lower/only house)
QoG Code: jw_propsmd
Seats from Single-Member Districts (upper house)
QoG Code: jw_propsmd2
Rank Vote (lower/only house)
QoG Code: jw_rank
Rank Vote (upper house)
QoG Code: jw_rank2
Party Control over Ballot - SMD (lower/only house)
QoG Code: jw_smdballot
Party Control over Ballot - SMD (upper house)
QoG Code: jw_smdballot2
Sharing of Votes among Candidates - SMD (lower/only house)
QoG Code: jw_smdpool
Sharing of Votes among Candidates - SMD (upper house)
QoG Code: jw_smdpool2
Candidate or Party-specific Voting - SMD (lower/only house)
QoG Code: jw_smdvote
Candidate or Party-specific Voting - SMD (upper house)
QoG Code: jw_smdvote2
Tiervote (lower/only house)
QoG Code: jw_tiervote
Tiervote (upper house)
QoG Code: jw_tiervote2
First Multiparty Election
QoG Code: nelda_fme
Media Bias before Election
QoG Code: nelda_mbbe
Was More Than One Party Legal
QoG Code: nelda_mtop
Number of Elections, Total
QoG Code: nelda_noe
Number of Elections, Constituent Assembly
QoG Code: nelda_noea
Number of Elections, Executive
QoG Code: nelda_noee
Number of Elections, Legislative
QoG Code: nelda_noel
Was Opposition Allowed
QoG Code: nelda_oa
Riots and Protests after Election
QoG Code: nelda_rpae
Violence and Civilian Deaths before Election
QoG Code: nelda_vcdbe
Electoral Family
QoG Code: no_ef
Electoral Integrity Rating
QoG Code: pei_eir_1
Electoral Integrity Rating, second election in a year
QoG Code: pei_eir_2
Electoral Integrity Rating, third election in a year
QoG Code: pei_eir_3
Perception of Electoral Integrity Index
QoG Code: pei_peii_1
Perception of Electoral Integrity Index, second election in a year
QoG Code: pei_peii_2
Perception of Electoral Integrity Index, third election in a year
QoG Code: pei_peii_3
Perception of Electoral Integrity Index Type
QoG Code: pei_peit
BREXIT Vote (UK Only)
QoG Code: per_UKq1
Supported Political Party
QoG Code: per_q6
Participation in EU Elections
QoG Code: per_q7
Cummulative Party System Innovation
QoG Code: psi_cpsi1
Cummulative Party System Innovation of a second election in a year
QoG Code: psi_cpsi2
Exact date of the election
QoG Code: psi_edate1
Exact date of the second election in a year
QoG Code: psi_edate2
Party System Innovation (overall vote share of new parties in given election)
QoG Code: psi_psi1
Party System Innovation of a second election in a year
QoG Code: psi_psi2
Majoritarian Electoral Systems
QoG Code: pt_maj
Robust Democracy: Electoral Process
QoG Code: sgi_qdep
Cabinet Portfolios: Centrist Christian Democratic
QoG Code: sw_cccd
Cabinet Portfolios: Christian Democratic
QoG Code: sw_ccd
Cabinet Portfolios: Center
QoG Code: sw_cce
Cabinet Portfolios: Left
QoG Code: sw_cl
Cabinet Portfolios: Left-Libertarian
QoG Code: sw_cll
Cabinet Portfolios: Right
QoG Code: sw_cr
Cabinet Portfolios: Right-Wing Populist
QoG Code: sw_crwp
Election Year
QoG Code: sw_ey
Governing Party Seats: Centrist Christian Democratic
QoG Code: sw_gccd
Governing Party Seats: Christian Democratic
QoG Code: sw_gcd
Governing Party Seats: Center
QoG Code: sw_gce
Governing Party Seats: Left
QoG Code: sw_gl
Governing Party Seats: Left-Libertarian
QoG Code: sw_gll
Governing Party Seats: Right
QoG Code: sw_gr
Governing Party Seats: Right-Wing Populist
QoG Code: sw_grwp
Legislative Seats: Centrist Christian Democratic
QoG Code: sw_lccd
Legislative Seats: Christian Democratic
QoG Code: sw_lcd
Legislative Seats: Center
QoG Code: sw_lce
Legislative Seats: Left
QoG Code: sw_ll
Legislative Seats: Left-Libertarian
QoG Code: sw_lll
Legislative Seats: Right
QoG Code: sw_lr
Legislative Seats: Right-Wing Populist
QoG Code: sw_lrwp
Votes: Centrist Christian Democratic
QoG Code: sw_vccd
Votes: Christian Democratic
QoG Code: sw_vcd
Votes: Center
QoG Code: sw_vce
Votes: Left
QoG Code: sw_vl
Votes: Left-Libertarian
QoG Code: sw_vll
Votes: Right
QoG Code: sw_vr
Votes: Right-Wing Populist
QoG Code: sw_vrwp
KOLFU: Politicians from your own party
QoG Code: swm_kfu_polcon1
KOLFU: Politicians from other parties
QoG Code: swm_kfu_polcon2
KOLFU: Political bureaucrats
QoG Code: swm_kfu_polcon3
KOLFU: Non-political bureaucrats
QoG Code: swm_kfu_polcon4
KOLFU: Entrepreneurs in your municipality
QoG Code: swm_kfu_polcon5
Election result municipal assembly, share of votes: Centerpartiet
QoG Code: swm_scb_ermun_c
Election result municipal assembly, share of votes: Folkpartiet
QoG Code: swm_scb_ermun_fp
Election result municipal assembly, share of votes: Kristdemokraterna
QoG Code: swm_scb_ermun_kd
Election result municipal assembly, share of votes: Moderaterna
QoG Code: swm_scb_ermun_m
Election result municipal assembly, share of votes: Miljöpartiet
QoG Code: swm_scb_ermun_mp
Election result municipal assembly, share of votes: Other parties
QoG Code: swm_scb_ermun_oth
Election result municipal assembly, share of votes: Socialdemokraterna
QoG Code: swm_scb_ermun_s
Election result municipal assembly, share of votes: Sverigedemokraterna
QoG Code: swm_scb_ermun_sd
Election result municipal assembly, share of votes: Vänsterpartiet
QoG Code: swm_scb_ermun_v
Number of seats in municipal assembly: Centerpartiet
QoG Code: swm_scb_mas_c
Number of seats in municipal assembly: Folkpartiet
QoG Code: swm_scb_mas_fp
Number of seats in municipal assembly: Kristdemokraterna
QoG Code: swm_scb_mas_kd
Number of seats in municipal assembly: Moderaterna
QoG Code: swm_scb_mas_m
Number of seats in municipal assembly: Miljöpartiet
QoG Code: swm_scb_mas_mp
Number of seats in municipal assembly: Other parties
QoG Code: swm_scb_mas_oth
Number of seats in municipal assembly: Socialdemokraterna
QoG Code: swm_scb_mas_s
Number of seats in municipal assembly: Sverigedemokraterna
QoG Code: swm_scb_mas_sd
Number of seats in municipal assembly: Vänsterpartiet
QoG Code: swm_scb_mas_v
Referendums held during mandate period
QoG Code: swm_scb_ref
Voter turnout in municipal elections
QoG Code: swm_scb_voteturn
Competition
QoG Code: van_comp
Index of Democratization
QoG Code: van_index
Participation
QoG Code: van_part
Percent of age coverage
QoG Code: warc_acov
Cabinet Age Representation Index (35 or under)
QoG Code: warc_agi35
Cabinet Age Representation Index (40 or under)
QoG Code: warc_agi40
Cabinet Age Representation Index ((41 to 60)
QoG Code: warc_agi4160
Cabinet Age Representation Index (over 61 years)
QoG Code: warc_agi61
Percent of women ministers aged 35 or under
QoG Code: warc_fem35
Percent of women ministers aged 40 or under
QoG Code: warc_fem40
Percent of women ministers aged 61 or over
QoG Code: warc_fem61
Age of cabinet leader
QoG Code: warc_leadage
Gender of leader
QoG Code: warc_leadgen
Mean age of cabinet members
QoG Code: warc_meanage
Median age of cabinet members
QoG Code: warc_medianage
Percent of ministers aged 35 or under
QoG Code: warc_min35
Percent of ministers aged 40 or under
QoG Code: warc_min40
Percent of cabinet members aged 41 to 60
QoG Code: warc_min4160
Percent of cabinet members aged 61 or over
QoG Code: warc_min61
Percentage of women ministers
QoG Code: warc_wmin
Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%)
QoG Code: wdi_wip
Number of years the leader in office continuously
QoG Code: wgov_leadexp
Number of cabinet ministers
QoG Code: wgov_min
Average age in cabinet ministers
QoG Code: wgov_minage
Number of women in cabinet ministers
QoG Code: wgov_minfem
Number of people with military titles in cabinet ministers
QoG Code: wgov_minmil
Average tenure for cabinet ministers
QoG Code: wgov_minten
Adjusted retention rate for cabinet ministers
QoG Code: wgov_mret
Total number of government positions (inc. unoccupied and multiple positions)
QoG Code: wgov_tot
Average age in government positions
QoG Code: wgov_totage
Number of women in government positions
QoG Code: wgov_totfem
Number of people with military titles in government positions
QoG Code: wgov_totmil
Average tenure for people in government positions
QoG Code: wgov_totten
Adjusted retention rate for people in government positions
QoG Code: wgov_tret
Confidence: The Political Parties
QoG Code: wvs_confpp
Age Representation Index (30 or under)
QoG Code: yri_agi30
Age Representation Index (35 or under)
QoG Code: yri_agi35
Age Representation Index (40 or under)
QoG Code: yri_agi40
Age Representation Index (41 to 60)
QoG Code: yri_agi4160
Age Representation Index (61 or over)
QoG Code: yri_agi61
Female Representation in Parliament (under 30 years)
QoG Code: yri_fem30
Female Representation in Parliament (under 35 years)
QoG Code: yri_fem35
Female Representation in Parliament (under 40 years)
QoG Code: yri_fem40
Female Representation in Parliament (41 to 60 years)
QoG Code: yri_fem4160
Female Representation in Parliament (over 61 years)
QoG Code: yri_fem61
Mean age of MPs
QoG Code: yri_meanage
Median age of MPs
QoG Code: yri_medianage
Percent MPs aged 30 or under
QoG Code: yri_mp30
Percent MPs aged 35 or under
QoG Code: yri_mp35
Percent MPs aged 40 or under
QoG Code: yri_mp40
Percent MPs aged 41 to 60
QoG Code: yri_mp4160
Percent MPs aged 61 or over
QoG Code: yri_mp61