Sharing of Votes among Candidates - MMD (lower/only house)

QoG code: jw_mmdpool

Pool for multi-member district tiers in elections to the lower house. The Pool variables measure the extent to which votes among candidates from the same party are shared. The variables equal (in order of increasing personal vote incentives): (0) where pooling of votes occurs across all candidates in a party in a district; (1) where pooling of votes occurs across some, but not all, candidates in a party in a district, or, where there is vote pooling across all candidates in a party in a district, but where the average district accounts for 5% or less of a legislature's membership; (2) where no pooling of votes occurs across candidates in a party (including single-member districts).

Type of variable
Categorical
Downloaded by QoG on
2025-12-19
Last updated by source
2012-03-24
Details of this variable in our compilation datasets
Dataset No. Countries
Standard time-series 93
Dataset Available for years
Standard time-series 1978-2005

Country coverage

Click here to see the full list of countries
  • Afghanistan
  • Albania
  • Algeria
  • Angola
  • Argentina
  • Armenia
  • Austria
  • Azerbaijan
  • Belgium
  • Benin
  • Bolivia
  • Brazil
  • Bulgaria
  • Burundi
  • Cambodia
  • Cameroon
  • Cape Verde
  • Chad
  • Chile
  • Colombia
  • Costa Rica
  • Croatia
  • Cyprus (1975-)
  • Czech Republic
  • Denmark
  • Djibouti
  • Dominican Republic
  • Ecuador
  • Egypt
  • El Salvador
  • Estonia
  • Finland
  • Georgia
  • Germany
  • Greece
  • Guatemala
  • Guinea
  • Guinea-Bissau
  • Guyana
  • Honduras
  • Hungary
  • Iceland
  • Indonesia
  • Iran
  • Ireland
  • Israel
  • Italy
  • Japan
  • Kazakhstan
  • Korea, South
  • Kuwait
  • Latvia
  • Lesotho
  • Liechtenstein
  • Lithuania
  • Luxembourg
  • Malta
  • Mauritius
  • Mexico
  • Moldova
  • Monaco
  • Mongolia
  • Morocco
  • Mozambique
  • Namibia
  • Netherlands
  • New Zealand
  • Nicaragua
  • Niger
  • Norway
  • Pakistan (1971-)
  • Panama
  • Paraguay
  • Peru
  • Philippines
  • Poland
  • Portugal
  • Romania
  • Russia
  • San Marino
  • Sao Tome and Principe
  • Slovakia
  • Slovenia
  • South Africa
  • Spain
  • Sri Lanka
  • Sweden
  • Switzerland
  • Taiwan
  • Thailand
  • Ukraine
  • Uruguay
  • Venezuela

Year coverage

This variable has information from 1978 to 2005.