Multi Tier (upper house)

QoG code: jw_multitier2

Equals 1 wherever there are multiple allocation tiers, regardless of whether they are the result of mixed member systems that incorporate different members under different rules, or systems that have upper tiers within a single electoral system to compensate for disproportionality in lower tiers.

Type of variable
Binary
Downloaded by QoG on
2025-12-19
Last updated by source
2012-03-24
Details of this variable in our compilation datasets
Dataset No. Countries
Standard time-series 27
Dataset Available for years
Standard time-series 1978-2005

Country coverage

Click here to see the full list of countries
  • Argentina
  • Australia
  • Belarus
  • Belgium
  • Bolivia
  • Brazil
  • Chile
  • Colombia
  • Czech Republic
  • Dominican Republic
  • France (1963-)
  • Germany
  • Indonesia
  • Italy
  • Mexico
  • Netherlands
  • Nigeria
  • Paraguay
  • Philippines
  • Poland
  • Romania
  • Russia
  • South Africa
  • Spain
  • Switzerland
  • Thailand
  • United States

Year coverage

This variable has information from 1978 to 2005.