Meaning: 3-item index measuring the extent to which people's understanding of democracy is non-liberal in the sense that they define democracy ``incorrectly'' by non-liberal attributes, including religious authority over the laws, military authority over government and unemployment benefits.
Source: Index invented and documented in Welzel, Freedom Rising (2013: 79; 310-315), www.cambridge.org/welzel (Online Appendix, p. 100), based on data from the World Values Surveys, countries from rounds five and six.
Scaling: Multi-point index from minimum 0 when all three non-liberal notions of democracy are fully rejected, to maximum 1.0, when the exact opposite is the case, with proper fractions for intermediate positions. Country scores are population averages (arithmetic mean) on the 0-1 index.
Remarks: Individual-level scores are normally distributed around the mean in each national sample.
Type of variable: Continuous
Last updated by source: 2014-03-01