Meaning: 3-item index measuring a national culture's emphasis on universal freedoms in the domain of personal autonomy (independence, imagination and non-obedience as desired child qualities).
Source: Index invented and documented in Welzel, Freedom Rising (2013: 66-69), www.cambridge.org/welzel (Online Appendix, p. 20-29), based on data from the World Values Surveys, all countries and time points.
Scaling: Four-point scale, ranging from a theoretical minimum of 0 when the least secular position is taken on all 3 items, to a maximum of 1.0 when the most secular position is taken on all 3 items. Intermediate positions are given in fractions of 1.0. Country scores are population averages (arithmetic mean) on the 0-1 index.
Type of variable: Continuous
Last updated by source: 2014-03-01
| Dataset | No. Countries |
|---|---|
| Standard time-series: | 104 |