Meaning: 3-item index measuring the extent of people's perceived cognitive stimulation based on whether they perceive their daily tasks as mostly routine versus creative'', mostlymanual versus intellectual'' and as mostly ``remote controlled versus supervised'', with the latter option in each of these three (1 to 10 scaled) polarities indicating stronger perceived stimulation.
Source: Welzel, based on data from the World Values Surveys, all countries from rounds five and six.
Scaling: Multi-point index with original scores on each of the three items rescaled from minimum 0 to maximum 1, with proper fractions for intermediate positions, and then averaged over the three measures. Country scores are population averages (arithmetic mean) on the 0-1 index.
Remarks: Individual-level scores are normally distributed around the mean in each national sample. In Welzel's human empowerment framework, perceived stimulation is interpreted as perceptive empowerment.