Data source: Institutions and Elections Project
Institutions and Elections Project Data (version 2.0). The objective of the data from the Institutions and Elections Project (IAEP) is to describe the formal institutions that are in place, even if practice does not comport with those formal rules. The data refers to the situation January 1st each year. Note: According to the documentation of the data many of the cases ``have more than one executive; [...] the executive referred to may be any one of the executives established in a country''. We urge users to refer to the documentation at the IAEP web site for information about which executive each particular case refers to.
Note: Changes from the original version: The dataset has two types of missing values, logical missing values and actual missing values. In the QoG data, logical missing values were recoded to actual missing values. To access data with logical missing values please use original dataset.
Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015).
Find the article at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2053168015579120
When using this dataset, please cite as:
(Wig et al., 2015)
Browse variables and select them for download.
iaep_ae
Is there an executive appointed either by a PM (that is, an executive who is also a member of the legislature) or a president (an independently selected executive)? 0. No 1. Yes Source: I ...
iaep_aecc
Are members of this court (see iaep_cc) appointed or elected? ''Elected'' here refers to a popular election. Elections by legislative bodies are considered appointments. 1. Appointed 2. Elected ...
iaep_alcc
Are members of the court appointed for life? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_arr
This variable examine the relationship between the central and regional governments, those which are immediately below the central government. We focus exclusively on states or provincial levels of go ...
iaep_basp
Does an anti-system platform determine the banning of parties? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_bp
Are there banned parties? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_callo
Does some other executive have the power to call elections? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_cc
According to the constitution, does the country have a national constitutional court? In some cases, a council with the powers of a constitutional court may exist, though it may not be part of the for ...
iaep_ccrea
Can the court can rule on executive actions? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_ccrla
Can the court can rule on legislative actions? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_const
How long has the current constitution existed (years since the constitution was established)? Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_constin
How long has the current constitution been in effect (in years)? Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_constlam
How many years since the last amendment (in years)? Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_ebbp
Does ethnic makeup determine the banning of parties? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_eccdt
Can an executive change domestic taxes (excluding import/export tariffs) without legislative approval? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_ecdl
According to the constitution, can an executive dissolve the legislature? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_ee
Is the executive elected by: 1. Directly elected by public vote 2. Elected through legislative action by members of the legislature 3. Chosen through party process strictly by a party 4. In ...
iaep_eml
Is there an executive who is also a member of the legislature (like a prime minister, for example)? We consider membership in the legislature if either an explicit rule exists which requires an execut ...
iaep_enlc
Does executive nomination establish how the field of candidates who stand for legislative elections is determined? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_epmf
Does an executive have the power to use military force abroad without legislative approval? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_es
What is the type of electoral system for legislative elections? 1. Plurality (First past the post) 2. Majority 3. Proportional representation 4. Mixed systems (combination of PR and either ...
iaep_ese
Election rules governing the determination of electoral outcomes for the executive: we record data on the electoral requirements for winning executive elections, specifically, the sorts of vote thresh ...
iaep_evp
Does an executive have constitutional veto power over laws passed by the legislature? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_ise
Is there an executive chosen independently of the legislature (like a president, for example)? If these processes that select the executive are distinct from that which selects the legislature, then t ...
iaep_lap
Does an executive have to secure legislative approval for the budget? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_lcre
According to the constitution, can the legislature remove an executive from office? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_lego
Does some other executive have the power to introduce legislation in the legislature? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_lrit
Does the legislature have the constitutional authority to ratify international treaties negotiated by an executive? 0. No authority 1. One chamber approval necessary 2. Both chambers' approva ...
iaep_lvp
Does the legislature have the constitutional power to stop executive action, in effect a legislative veto? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_milo
Is the power to use military force vested in some other executive? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_nee
Does the country hold national elections for an executive? We consider national elections to involve subjecting the executive to some form of popular plebiscite. This electoral process may or may not ...
iaep_nel
Does the country hold national elections for the legislature We consider national elections to involve subjecting the members of the legislature to some form of popular plebiscite. While seats may be ...
iaep_npa
Are no parties allowed? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_nr
Does the country hold national elections on referendum items? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_osp
Is there an official state party? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_pm5p
How many parties hold at least 5% of seats in the legislature? 1. One 2. Two 3. More than two Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_pnec
Does party nomination (party list, convention, etc.) establish how the field of candidates who stand for executive elections is determined? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_pnlc
Does party nomination (party list, convention, etc.) establish how the field of candidates who stand for legislative elections is determined? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_pseec
Do petition signatures establish how the field of candidates who stand for executive elections is determined? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_pselc
Do petition signatures establish how the field of candidates who stand for legislative elections is determined? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_pveec
Do members of party vote (primary) establish how the field of candidates who stand for executive elections is determined? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_pvelc
Do members of party vote (primary) establish how the field of candidates who stand for legislative elections is determined? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_rbbp
Does religious affiliation determine the banning of parties? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_rmcc
Can members of this court (see iaep_cc) be removed? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_snec
Does self-nomination establish how the field of candidates who stand for executive elections is determined? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_snlc
Does self-nomination establish how the field of candidates who stand for legislative elections is determined? 0. No 1. Yes Source: IAEP (Wig et al., 2015)
iaep_ufs
This variable examines the relationship between the central and regional governments, those which are immediately below the central government. We focus exclusively on states or provincial levels of g ...
iaep_wrmcc
If members of the court can be removed, by whom? Here, the term ''court itself'' may refer to another court in the judiciary, not necessarily the constitutional court itself. 1. Legislature 2. ...