Biodiversity and Habitat Issue Category consists of 7 indicators:

1) The terrestrial biome protection (national weights) indicator. It is calculated by first taking proportions of the area of each of a country’s biome types that are covered by protected areas and then constructing a weighted sum of the protection percentages for all biomes within that country. The protection percentages are weighted according to the prevalence of each biome type within that country. This indicator evaluates a country's efforts to achieve 17% protection for all biomes within its borders, as per Aichi Target 11. It is given 20% weight in the aggregation.

2) The terrestrial biome protection (global weights) indicator, where protection percentages are weighted according to the global prevalence of each biome type. This indicator evaluates a country’s contribution toward the global 17% protection goal. It is given 20% weight in the aggregation.

3) The marine protected areas indicator, measured as a percentage of a country’s total exclusive economic zone (EEZ) designated as marine protected areas (MPAs). Because each country may have multiple EEZs, the summed area of MPAs is divided by the summed EEZ. It is given 20% weight in the aggregation.

4) The Protected Areas Representativeness Index (PARI), which measures ecological representativeness as the proportion of biologically scaled environmental diversity included in a country's terrestrial protected areas. The measure relies on remote sensing, biodiversity informatics, and global modeling of fine-scaled variation in biodiversity composition for plant, vertebrate, and invertebrate species. It is given 10% weight in the aggregation.

5) Species Habitat Index (SHI) estimates potential population losses, as well as regional and global extinction risks of individual species, using habitat loss as a proxy. The SHI indicator measures the proportion of suitable habitat within a country that remains intact for each species in that country relative to a baseline set in the year 2001. It is given 10% weight in the aggregation.

6) Species Protection Index (SPI) evaluates the species-level ecological representativeness of each country's protected area network. The SPI metric uses remote sensing data, global biodiversity informatics, and integrative models to map suitable habitat for over 30,000 terrestrial vertebrate, invertebrate, and plant species at high resolutions. It is given 10% weight in the aggregation.

7) The Biodiversity Habitat Index (BHI), which estimates the effects of habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation on the expected retention of terrestrial biodiversity. It is given 10% weight in the aggregation.

The issue category varies from 0 to 100.