Effective Number of Presidential Candidates

QoG code: gol_enpres

The effective number of presidential candidates.

Dataset
Democratic Electoral Systems, 1919-2020 dataset (Version 5.0)
Type of variable
Discrete
Downloaded by QoG on
2025-12-03
Last updated by source
2022-12-21

Categories

Political Parties and Elections

Find this variable in

Standard Cross-section - 2026 Standard Time-series - 2026 Original dataset
Details of this variable in our compilation datasets
Dataset No. Countries
Standard cross-section 86
Standard time-series 86
Dataset Available for years
Standard time-series 1946-2020

Country coverage

Click here to see the full list of countries
  • Argentina
  • Armenia
  • Austria
  • Belarus
  • Benin
  • Bolivia
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Brazil
  • Bulgaria
  • Burkina Faso
  • Burundi
  • Cape Verde
  • Central African Republic
  • Chile
  • Colombia
  • Comoros
  • Congo
  • Costa Rica
  • Cote d'Ivoire
  • Croatia
  • Cuba
  • Cyprus (1975-)
  • Czech Republic
  • Dominican Republic
  • Ecuador
  • El Salvador
  • Finland
  • France (1963-)
  • Gambia
  • Georgia
  • Ghana
  • Guatemala
  • Guinea-Bissau
  • Haiti
  • Honduras
  • Iceland
  • Indonesia
  • Ireland
  • Kenya
  • Kiribati
  • Korea, South
  • Kyrgyzstan
  • Liberia
  • Lithuania
  • Madagascar
  • Malawi
  • Maldives
  • Mali
  • Mauritania
  • Mexico
  • Moldova
  • Mongolia
  • Montenegro
  • Mozambique
  • Namibia
  • Nicaragua
  • Niger
  • Nigeria
  • North Macedonia
  • Palau
  • Panama
  • Paraguay
  • Peru
  • Philippines
  • Poland
  • Portugal
  • Romania
  • Russia
  • Sao Tome and Principe
  • Senegal
  • Serbia
  • Seychelles
  • Sierra Leone
  • Slovakia
  • Slovenia
  • Sri Lanka
  • Taiwan
  • Tanzania
  • Timor-Leste
  • Tunisia
  • Turkey
  • Ukraine
  • United States
  • Uruguay
  • Venezuela
  • Zambia

Year coverage

This variable has information from 1946 to 2020.