Presidential Electoral System Type

QoG code: gol_pest

This is a categorical variable that indicates the electoral formula used in the presidential election.

  1. Plurality
  2. Absolute Majority
  3. Qualified Majority
  4. Electoral College
  5. Alternative Vote

Dataset
Democratic Electoral Systems, 1919-2020 dataset (Version 5.0)
Type of variable
Categorical
Downloaded by QoG on
2025-12-03
Last updated by source
2022-12-21

Categories

Political Parties and Elections

Find this variable in

Standard Cross-section - 2026 Standard Time-series - 2026 Original dataset
Details of this variable in our compilation datasets
Dataset No. Countries
Standard cross-section 84
Standard time-series 84
Dataset Available for years
Standard time-series 1946-2020

Country coverage

Click here to see the full list of countries
  • Argentina
  • Armenia
  • Austria
  • Belarus
  • Benin
  • Bolivia
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Brazil
  • Bulgaria
  • Burkina Faso
  • Burundi
  • Cape Verde
  • Central African Republic
  • Chile
  • Colombia
  • Comoros
  • Congo
  • Costa Rica
  • Cote d'Ivoire
  • Croatia
  • Cyprus (1975-)
  • Czech Republic
  • Dominican Republic
  • Ecuador
  • El Salvador
  • Finland
  • France (1963-)
  • Gambia
  • Georgia
  • Ghana
  • Guatemala
  • Guinea-Bissau
  • Honduras
  • Iceland
  • Indonesia
  • Ireland
  • Kenya
  • Kiribati
  • Korea, South
  • Kyrgyzstan
  • Liberia
  • Lithuania
  • Madagascar
  • Malawi
  • Maldives
  • Mali
  • Mauritania
  • Mexico
  • Moldova
  • Mongolia
  • Montenegro
  • Mozambique
  • Namibia
  • Nicaragua
  • Niger
  • Nigeria
  • North Macedonia
  • Palau
  • Panama
  • Paraguay
  • Peru
  • Philippines
  • Poland
  • Portugal
  • Romania
  • Russia
  • Sao Tome and Principe
  • Senegal
  • Serbia
  • Seychelles
  • Sierra Leone
  • Slovakia
  • Slovenia
  • Sri Lanka
  • Taiwan
  • Tanzania
  • Timor-Leste
  • Tunisia
  • Turkey
  • Ukraine
  • United States
  • Uruguay
  • Venezuela
  • Zambia

Year coverage

This variable has information from 1946 to 2020.