Variable: Colonial Origin
QoG Code: (ht_colonial)
Description:
This is a tenfold classification of the former colonial ruler of the country. Following Bernard et al. (2004), we have excluded the British settler colonies (the US, Canada, Australia, Israel and New Zealand), and exclusively focused on 'Western overseas' colonialism. This implies that only Western colonizers (e.g. excluding Japanese colonialism), and only countries located in the non-Western hemisphere 'overseas' (e.g. excluding Ireland \& Malta), have been coded. Each country that has been colonized since 1700 is coded. In cases of several colonial powers, the last one is counted, if it lasted for 10 years or longer. The categories are the following:
Never colonized by a Western overseas colonial power
Dutch
Spanish
Italian
US
British
French
Portuguese
Belgian
British-French
Australian
Type of variable: Categorical
Downloaded by QoG on: 2022-09-05
Last updated by source: 2017-08-10
Categories:
History
Find this variable in:
Basic Cross-section - 2024
Basic Time-series - 2024
OECD Cross-section - 2024
OECD Time-series - 2024
Standard Cross-section - 2024
Standard Time-series - 2024
Original Dataset
Details of this variable in our compilations datasets
Dataset
No. Countries
Basic cross-section:
194
Basic time-series:
211
Standard cross-section:
194
Standard time-series:
211
OECD cross-section:
38
OECD time-series:
40
Dataset
Available for years:
Standard time-series:
1946-2023
Basic time-series:
1946-2023
OECD time-series:
1946-2023
This variable has information for these countries:
Click here to see the full list of countries
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo
Congo, Democratic Republic
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus (-1974)
Cyprus (1975-)
Czech Republic
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Eswatini (former Swaziland)
Ethiopia (-1992)
Ethiopia (1993-)
Fiji
Finland
France (-1962)
France (1963-)
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Germany, East
Germany, West
Ghana
Greece
Grenada
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, North
Korea, South
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia (-1965)
Malaysia (1966-)
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
North Macedonia
Norway
Oman
Pakistan (-1970)
Pakistan (1971-)
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Serbia and Montenegro
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Spain
Sri Lanka
St Kitts and Nevis
St Lucia
St Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan (-2011)
Sudan (2012-)
Suriname
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Tibet
Timor-Leste
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Tuvalu
USSR
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela
Vietnam
Vietnam, North
Vietnam, South
Yemen
Yemen, North
Yemen, South
Yugoslavia
Zambia
Zimbabwe