Runoff Elections

QoG code: jw_multiround

The variable indicates whether there are run-off elections. These are usually for SMDs with absolute majority requirements. Where jw_multiround is equal to 1, voters have more than a single vote to cast, albeit votes occur on separate election days.

Type of variable
Binary
Downloaded by QoG on
2025-12-19
Last updated by source
2012-03-24
Details of this variable in our compilation datasets
Dataset No. Countries
Standard time-series 110
OECD time-series 30
Dataset Available for years
Standard time-series 1978-2005
OECD time-series 1978-2005

Country coverage

Click here to see the full list of countries
  • Afghanistan
  • Albania
  • Algeria
  • Andorra
  • Antigua and Barbuda
  • Argentina
  • Armenia
  • Australia
  • Austria
  • Azerbaijan
  • Bahamas
  • Bangladesh
  • Barbados
  • Belgium
  • Belize
  • Benin
  • Bolivia
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Brazil
  • Bulgaria
  • Burundi
  • Cambodia
  • Canada
  • Chile
  • Colombia
  • Costa Rica
  • Cuba
  • Czech Republic
  • Denmark
  • Djibouti
  • Dominican Republic
  • Ecuador
  • Egypt
  • El Salvador
  • Estonia
  • Finland
  • France (1963-)
  • Gambia
  • Georgia
  • Germany
  • Ghana
  • Greece
  • Grenada
  • Guatemala
  • Honduras
  • Hungary
  • India
  • Indonesia
  • Iran
  • Ireland
  • Israel
  • Italy
  • Japan
  • Kazakhstan
  • Kenya
  • Kiribati
  • Korea, South
  • Kuwait
  • Kyrgyzstan
  • Latvia
  • Lesotho
  • Lithuania
  • Luxembourg
  • Malaysia (1966-)
  • Mali
  • Malta
  • Mexico
  • Monaco
  • Mongolia
  • Morocco
  • Netherlands
  • New Zealand
  • Nicaragua
  • Niger
  • Norway
  • Panama
  • Papua New Guinea
  • Paraguay
  • Peru
  • Philippines
  • Poland
  • Portugal
  • Romania
  • Russia
  • Slovakia
  • South Africa
  • Spain
  • St Kitts and Nevis
  • St Lucia
  • St Vincent and the Grenadines
  • Sweden
  • Switzerland
  • Taiwan
  • Tanzania
  • Thailand
  • Togo
  • Trinidad and Tobago
  • Turkey
  • Turkmenistan
  • Uganda
  • Ukraine
  • United Kingdom
  • United States
  • Uruguay
  • Uzbekistan
  • Venezuela
  • Vietnam
  • Yemen
  • Zambia
  • Zimbabwe

Year coverage

This variable has information from 1978 to 2005.