Variable: Patronage

QoG Code: (qs20_proff1)

Dataset: QoG Expert Survey (2020 wave)

Description:

Country-level estimate for Patronage, constructed with an IRT model that accounts for differential item functioning (DIF) and variation in expert reliability. Higher values stand for more patronage in recruitment.

Type of variable: Continuous

Downloaded by QoG on: 2024-10-11
Last updated by source: 2021-03-15

Categories:

Political System Quality of Government Bureaucratic Structure

Find this variable in:

OECD Cross-section - 2025 Standard Cross-section - 2025 Original Dataset

Details of this variable in our compilations datasets

Dataset	No. Countries
Standard cross-section:	89
OECD cross-section:	31

This variable has information for these countries:

Click here to see the full list of countries

• Afghanistan
• Albania
• Angola
• Argentina
• Armenia
• Australia
• Austria
• Azerbaijan
• Bangladesh
• Belarus
• Belgium
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Botswana
• Brazil
• Bulgaria
• Cameroon
• Canada
• Chile
• China
• Colombia
• Costa Rica
• Croatia
• Czech Republic
• Denmark
• Eritrea
• Estonia
• Ethiopia (1993-)
• Finland
• France (1963-)
• Germany
• Ghana
• Greece
• Hungary
• Iceland
• India
• Indonesia
• Iraq
• Ireland
• Israel
• Italy
• Jamaica
• Japan
• Jordan
• Kazakhstan
• Kenya
• Korea, South
• Kyrgyzstan
• Latvia
• Lebanon
• Lesotho
• Lithuania
• Malta
• Mexico
• Montenegro
• Nepal
• Netherlands
• New Zealand
• Nigeria
• North Macedonia
• Norway
• Paraguay
• Peru
• Philippines
• Poland
• Portugal
• Romania
• Russia
• Rwanda
• Saudi Arabia
• Serbia
• Singapore
• Slovakia
• Slovenia
• South Africa
• Spain
• Sweden
• Switzerland
• Taiwan
• Tanzania
• Tunisia
• Turkey
• Uganda
• Ukraine
• United Kingdom
• United States
• Uzbekistan
• Venezuela
• Vietnam
• Zambia

This variable has information from the year 2020 to the year 2020