Patronage

QoG code: qs20_proff1

Country-level estimate for Patronage, constructed with an IRT model that accounts for differential item functioning (DIF) and variation in expert reliability. Higher values stand for more patronage in recruitment.

Dataset
QoG Expert Survey (2020 wave)
Type of variable
Continuous
Downloaded by QoG on
2025-10-02
Last updated by source
2021-03-15

Categories

Political System Quality of Government Bureaucratic Structure

Find this variable in

OECD Cross-section - 2026 Standard Cross-section - 2026 Original dataset
Details of this variable in our compilation datasets
Dataset No. Countries
Standard cross-section 89
OECD cross-section 31

Country coverage

Click here to see the full list of countries
  • Afghanistan
  • Albania
  • Angola
  • Argentina
  • Armenia
  • Australia
  • Austria
  • Azerbaijan
  • Bangladesh
  • Belarus
  • Belgium
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Botswana
  • Brazil
  • Bulgaria
  • Cameroon
  • Canada
  • Chile
  • China
  • Colombia
  • Costa Rica
  • Croatia
  • Czech Republic
  • Denmark
  • Eritrea
  • Estonia
  • Ethiopia (1993-)
  • Finland
  • France (1963-)
  • Germany
  • Ghana
  • Greece
  • Hungary
  • Iceland
  • India
  • Indonesia
  • Iraq
  • Ireland
  • Israel
  • Italy
  • Jamaica
  • Japan
  • Jordan
  • Kazakhstan
  • Kenya
  • Korea, South
  • Kyrgyzstan
  • Latvia
  • Lebanon
  • Lesotho
  • Lithuania
  • Malta
  • Mexico
  • Montenegro
  • Nepal
  • Netherlands
  • New Zealand
  • Nigeria
  • North Macedonia
  • Norway
  • Paraguay
  • Peru
  • Philippines
  • Poland
  • Portugal
  • Romania
  • Russia
  • Rwanda
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Serbia
  • Singapore
  • Slovakia
  • Slovenia
  • South Africa
  • Spain
  • Sweden
  • Switzerland
  • Taiwan
  • Tanzania
  • Tunisia
  • Turkey
  • Uganda
  • Ukraine
  • United Kingdom
  • United States
  • Uzbekistan
  • Venezuela
  • Vietnam
  • Zambia

Year coverage

This variable has information from 2020 to 2020.