Variable: Executive bribery and corrupt exchanges

QoG Code: (vdem_exbribe)


Dataset: Varieties of Democracy Dataset version 13

Description:

Executive bribery and corrupt exchanges
Question: How routinely do members of the executive (the head of state, the head of government, and cabinet ministers), or their agents, grant favors in exchange for bribes, kickbacks, or other material inducements?

Responses:
0: It is routine and expected.
1: It happens more often than not in dealings with the executive.
2: It happens but is unpredictable: those dealing with the executive find it hard to predict
when an inducement will be necessary.
3: It happens occasionally but is not expected.
4: It never, or hardly ever, happens.

Type of variable: Continuous

Downloaded by QoG on: 2023-09-05
Last updated by source: 2023-02-22


Categories:

Quality of Government


Find this variable in:

OECD Cross-section - 2024 OECD Time-series - 2024 Standard Cross-section - 2024 Standard Time-series - 2024 Original Dataset

Details of this variable in our compilations datasets
Dataset No. Countries
Standard cross-section: 173
Standard time-series: 184
OECD cross-section: 38
OECD time-series: 40


This variable has information for these countries:

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This variable has information from the year 1946 to the year 2022