Variable: Public sector corrupt exchanges

QoG Code: (vdem_excrptps)


Dataset: Varieties of Democracy Dataset version 13

Description:

Public sector corrupt exchanges
Question: How routinely do public sector employees grant favors in exchange for bribes, kickbacks, or other material inducements?

Clarification: When responding to this question, we would like to you think about a typical person employed by the public sector, excluding the military. If you think there are large discrepancies between branches of the public sector, between the national/federal and subnational/state level, or between the core bureaucracy and employees working with public service delivery, please try to average them out before stating your response.

Responses:
0: Extremely common. Most public sector employees are systematically involved in petty but
corrupt exchanges almost all the time.
1: Common. Such petty but corrupt exchanges occur regularly involving a majority of public
employees.
2: Sometimes. About half or less than half of public sector employees engage in such exchanges
for petty gains at times.
3: Scattered. A small minority of public sector employees engage in petty corruption from
time to time.
4: No. Never, or hardly ever.

Type of variable: Continuous

Downloaded by QoG on: 2023-09-05
Last updated by source: 2023-02-22


Categories:

Quality of Government


Find this variable in:

OECD Cross-section - 2024 OECD Time-series - 2024 Standard Cross-section - 2024 Standard Time-series - 2024 Original Dataset

Details of this variable in our compilations datasets
Dataset No. Countries
Standard cross-section: 173
Standard time-series: 184
OECD cross-section: 38
OECD time-series: 40


This variable has information for these countries:

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This variable has information from the year 1946 to the year 2022