Variable: Free and Fair Elections

QoG Code: (bti_ffe)


Dataset: Bertelsmann Transformation Index

Description:

To what extent are political representatives determined by general, free and fair elections? From 1 to 10.

  1. There are no elections on free and fair elections.
  2. General, multi-party elections are held, conducted properly and accepted as the means of filling political posts. However, there are some constraints on the fairness of the elections with regard to registration, campaigning or media access.
  3. General elections are held, but serious irregularities during the voting process and ballot count occur. The rights to vote, campaign, and run for office are restricted, and elections have de facto only limited influence over who governs.
  4. National elections, if held at all, are entirely unfree and unfair.

Type of variable: Categorical

Downloaded by QoG on: 2023-10-10
Last updated by source: 2022-02-21


Categories:

Political Parties and Elections Political System


Find this variable in:

Basic Cross-section - 2024 Standard Cross-section - 2024 Standard Time-series - 2024 Original Dataset

Details of this variable in our compilations datasets
Dataset No. Countries
Basic cross-section: 136
Standard cross-section: 136
Standard time-series: 137


This variable has information for these countries:

Click here to see the full list of countries