Effective number of parties on the seats level

QoG code: cpds_enps

Effective number of parties on the seats level according to the formula proposed by Laakso and Taagepera (1979).

Dataset
Comparative Political Data Set
Type of variable
Continuous
Downloaded by QoG on
2025-12-02
Last updated by source
2025-06-03

Categories

Political Parties and Elections

Find this variable in

Basic Cross-section - 2026 Basic Time-series - 2026 Standard Cross-section - 2026 Standard Time-series - 2026 Original dataset
Details of this variable in our compilation datasets
Dataset No. Countries
Basic cross-section 36
Basic time-series 36
Standard cross-section 36
Standard time-series 36
Dataset Available for years
Standard time-series 1960-2023
Basic time-series 1960-2023

Country coverage

Click here to see the full list of countries
  • Australia
  • Austria
  • Belgium
  • Bulgaria
  • Canada
  • Croatia
  • Cyprus (1975-)
  • Czech Republic
  • Denmark
  • Estonia
  • Finland
  • France (1963-)
  • Germany
  • Greece
  • Hungary
  • Iceland
  • Ireland
  • Italy
  • Japan
  • Latvia
  • Lithuania
  • Luxembourg
  • Malta
  • Netherlands
  • New Zealand
  • Norway
  • Poland
  • Portugal
  • Romania
  • Slovakia
  • Slovenia
  • Spain
  • Sweden
  • Switzerland
  • United Kingdom
  • United States

Year coverage

This variable has information from 1960 to 2023.