QoG code: dr_sg
Social globalization (scale of 1 to 100) is comprised of three segments, each with its own de facto and de jure segment. Interpersonal contact is measured within the de facto segment with reference to international telephone connections, tourist numbers and migration. Within the de jure segment, it is measured with reference to telephone subscriptions, international airports and visa restrictions. Flows of information are determined within the de facto segment with reference to international patent applications, international students and trade in high technology goods. The de jure segment measures access to TV and the internet, freedom of the press and international internet connections. Cultural proximity is measured in the de facto segment from trade in cultural goods, international trademark registrations and the number of McDonald’s restaurants and IKEA stores. The de jure area focuses on civil rights (freedom of citizens), gender equality and public spending on school education.
| Dataset | No. Countries |
|---|---|
| Basic cross-section | 187 |
| Basic time-series | 188 |
| Standard cross-section | 187 |
| Standard time-series | 188 |
| OECD cross-section | 32 |
| OECD time-series | 32 |
| Dataset | Available for years |
|---|---|
| Standard time-series | 1970-2023 |
| Basic time-series | 1970-2023 |
| OECD time-series | 1970-2023 |
This variable has information from 1970 to 2023.