Upper Tier

QoG code: gol_uptier

This indicates the percentage of all legislative seats allocated in electoral districts above the lowest electoral tier.

Dataset
Democratic Electoral Systems, 1919-2020 dataset (Version 5.0)
Type of variable
Continuous
Downloaded by QoG on
2025-12-03
Last updated by source
2022-12-21

Categories

Political Parties and Elections

Find this variable in

OECD Cross-section - 2026 OECD Time-series - 2026 Standard Cross-section - 2026 Standard Time-series - 2026 Original dataset
Details of this variable in our compilation datasets
Dataset No. Countries
Standard cross-section 145
Standard time-series 147
OECD cross-section 30
OECD time-series 30
Dataset Available for years
Standard time-series 1946-2020
OECD time-series 1946-2020

Country coverage

Click here to see the full list of countries
  • Albania
  • Andorra
  • Antigua and Barbuda
  • Argentina
  • Armenia
  • Australia
  • Austria
  • Bahamas
  • Bangladesh
  • Barbados
  • Belarus
  • Belgium
  • Belize
  • Benin
  • Bhutan
  • Bolivia
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Brazil
  • Bulgaria
  • Burkina Faso
  • Burundi
  • Canada
  • Cape Verde
  • Central African Republic
  • Chile
  • Colombia
  • Comoros
  • Congo
  • Costa Rica
  • Cote d'Ivoire
  • Croatia
  • Cuba
  • Cyprus (1975-)
  • Czech Republic
  • Czechoslovakia
  • Denmark
  • Dominica
  • Dominican Republic
  • Ecuador
  • El Salvador
  • Fiji
  • Finland
  • France (1963-)
  • Georgia
  • Germany
  • Germany, East
  • Ghana
  • Greece
  • Grenada
  • Guatemala
  • Guinea-Bissau
  • Guyana
  • Haiti
  • Honduras
  • Hungary
  • Iceland
  • India
  • Indonesia
  • Iraq
  • Ireland
  • Israel
  • Italy
  • Jamaica
  • Japan
  • Kenya
  • Kiribati
  • Korea, South
  • Kyrgyzstan
  • Laos
  • Latvia
  • Lebanon
  • Lesotho
  • Liberia
  • Liechtenstein
  • Lithuania
  • Luxembourg
  • Madagascar
  • Malawi
  • Malaysia (1966-)
  • Maldives
  • Mali
  • Malta
  • Mauritania
  • Mauritius
  • Mexico
  • Micronesia
  • Moldova
  • Monaco
  • Mongolia
  • Montenegro
  • Myanmar
  • Namibia
  • Nauru
  • Nepal
  • Netherlands
  • New Zealand
  • Nicaragua
  • Niger
  • Nigeria
  • North Macedonia
  • Norway
  • Pakistan (1971-)
  • Palau
  • Panama
  • Papua New Guinea
  • Paraguay
  • Peru
  • Philippines
  • Poland
  • Portugal
  • Romania
  • Russia
  • Samoa
  • San Marino
  • Sao Tome and Principe
  • Senegal
  • Serbia
  • Seychelles
  • Sierra Leone
  • Slovakia
  • Solomon Islands
  • Somalia
  • South Africa
  • Spain
  • Sri Lanka
  • St Kitts and Nevis
  • St Lucia
  • St Vincent and the Grenadines
  • Sudan (2012-)
  • Suriname
  • Sweden
  • Switzerland
  • Taiwan
  • Tanzania
  • Thailand
  • Timor-Leste
  • Trinidad and Tobago
  • Tunisia
  • Turkey
  • Tuvalu
  • Uganda
  • Ukraine
  • United Kingdom
  • United States
  • Uruguay
  • Vanuatu
  • Venezuela

Year coverage

This variable has information from 1946 to 2020.