Legislative Fractionalization (upper)

QoG code: h_lfup

Legislative fractionalization is approximately the probability that two random draws from the upper legislative chamber will be from different parties.

Type of variable
Continuous
Downloaded by QoG on
2025-11-05
Last updated by source
2023-01-30
Details of this variable in our compilation datasets
Dataset No. Countries
Standard cross-section 72
Standard time-series 90
Dataset Available for years
Standard time-series 1946-2021

Country coverage

Click here to see the full list of countries
  • Afghanistan
  • Algeria
  • Antigua and Barbuda
  • Argentina
  • Australia
  • Austria
  • Bahamas
  • Bahrain
  • Barbados
  • Belarus
  • Belgium
  • Belize
  • Bolivia
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Brazil
  • Burundi
  • Cambodia
  • Cameroon
  • Canada
  • Chile
  • Colombia
  • Comoros
  • Congo
  • Congo, Democratic Republic
  • Cote d'Ivoire
  • Croatia
  • Czech Republic
  • Czechoslovakia
  • Denmark
  • Dominican Republic
  • Egypt
  • Eswatini (former Swaziland)
  • France (1963-)
  • Gabon
  • Germany
  • Grenada
  • Haiti
  • Iceland
  • India
  • Ireland
  • Italy
  • Jamaica
  • Japan
  • Jordan
  • Kazakhstan
  • Kenya
  • Kyrgyzstan
  • Lesotho
  • Liberia
  • Mauritania
  • Mexico
  • Morocco
  • Myanmar
  • Namibia
  • Nepal
  • Netherlands
  • New Zealand
  • Nigeria
  • Pakistan (1971-)
  • Palau
  • Paraguay
  • Peru
  • Philippines
  • Poland
  • Romania
  • Russia
  • Rwanda
  • Senegal
  • Serbia and Montenegro
  • Slovenia
  • Somalia
  • South Africa
  • South Sudan
  • Spain
  • Sri Lanka
  • St Kitts and Nevis
  • St Lucia
  • Sweden
  • Switzerland
  • Taiwan
  • Tajikistan
  • Thailand
  • Trinidad and Tobago
  • Turkmenistan
  • United Kingdom
  • United States
  • Uruguay
  • Uzbekistan
  • Venezuela
  • Zimbabwe

Year coverage

This variable has information from 1946 to 2021.