QoG code: nelda_vcdbe
If there was any significant violence relating to the elections that resulted in civilian deaths, a 'Yes' is coded. These deaths should be at least plausibly related to the election, though sometimes it is difficult to be certain. Deaths related to civil war that are not intended to influence the election, and are not caused by the election, should not be counted.
Values:
0. No
1. Yes
3. Unclear
| Dataset | No. Countries |
|---|---|
| Standard cross-section | 108 |
| Standard time-series | 191 |
| OECD time-series | 32 |
| Dataset | Available for years |
|---|---|
| Standard time-series | 1946-2020 |
| OECD time-series | 1946-2020 |
This variable has information from 1946 to 2020.