Variable: Violence and Civilian Deaths before Election
QoG Code: (nelda_vcdbe)
Description:
If there was any significant violence relating to the elections that resulted in civilian deaths, a 'Yes' is coded. These deaths should be at least plausibly related to the election, though sometimes it is difficult to be certain. Deaths related to civil war that are not intended to influence the election, and are not caused by the election, should not be counted.
Values:
0. No
1. Yes
3. Unclear
Type of variable: Categorical
Downloaded by QoG on: 2023-11-06
Last updated by source: 2021-07-23
Categories:
Conflict
Political Parties and Elections
Find this variable in:
OECD Cross-section - 2024
OECD Time-series - 2024
Standard Cross-section - 2024
Standard Time-series - 2024
Original Dataset
Details of this variable in our compilations datasets
Dataset
No. Countries
Standard cross-section:
168
Standard time-series:
202
OECD cross-section:
38
OECD time-series:
40
This variable has information for these countries:
Click here to see the full list of countries
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
Colombia
Comoros
Congo
Congo, Democratic Republic
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus (-1974)
Cyprus (1975-)
Czech Republic
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Estonia
Eswatini (former Swaziland)
Ethiopia (-1992)
Ethiopia (1993-)
Fiji
Finland
France (-1962)
France (1963-)
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Germany, East
Germany, West
Ghana
Greece
Grenada
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, North
Korea, South
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia (-1965)
Malaysia (1966-)
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
North Macedonia
Norway
Oman
Pakistan (-1970)
Pakistan (1971-)
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Serbia and Montenegro
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St Kitts and Nevis
St Lucia
St Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan (-2011)
Sudan (2012-)
Suriname
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Tuvalu
Uganda
Ukraine
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela
Vietnam, North
Vietnam, South
Yemen
Yemen, North
Yemen, South
Yugoslavia
Zambia
Zimbabwe